Queneng Frequently Asked Questions

Find answers to your most common questions about our solar lighting and engineering streetlight solutions.

Our FAQ section provides clear, detailed information on product specifications, installation, maintenance, and more. 

Whether you're interested in our one-stop solutions, need technical support, or have general inquiries.
If you have any questions while using our products or browsing our website, you might find the answers you need here.

Solar Street Light Luxian
What are the primary benefits of using Luxian solar street lights for outdoor lighting?

Luxian solar street lights offer several key benefits, including energy savings, environmental friendliness, and independence from the electrical grid. They use solar energy to power LED lights, reducing electricity costs while providing reliable, high-quality lighting for outdoor spaces. The durable construction and low maintenance needs make them ideal for long-term use in various outdoor environments.

How do Luxian solar street lights contribute to reducing carbon emissions?

By using solar power as their energy source, Luxian solar street lights reduce reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation. This contributes to lower carbon emissions, helping mitigate climate change and promoting environmental sustainability. Their energy efficiency further reduces the overall carbon footprint of lighting systems.

What makes Luxian solar street lights more cost-effective than traditional street lights?

Luxian solar street lights are cost-effective because they require no external electrical connections, reducing installation costs. Their operation is entirely solar-powered, which eliminates ongoing electricity bills. The long lifespan of the LED bulbs and solar panels, combined with minimal maintenance needs, further reduces the total cost of ownership.

Can Luxian solar street lights function in areas with limited sunlight?

Yes, Luxian solar street lights are designed to function even in areas with limited sunlight. The high-efficiency solar panels are capable of charging the battery during cloudy or overcast conditions, ensuring the lights operate efficiently throughout the night. The large battery storage capacity helps maintain performance in areas with inconsistent sunlight.

Are Luxian solar street lights suitable for installation in remote locations?

Yes, Luxian solar street lights are ideal for remote or off-grid locations, as they operate entirely on solar power and do not require any connection to the electrical grid. They are perfect for rural roads, pathways, parks, or other outdoor spaces that lack access to traditional power sources.

Are Luxian solar street lights suitable for urban and rural applications?

Yes, Luxian solar street lights are versatile and suitable for both urban and rural applications. Whether you need to light busy city streets or quiet rural pathways, Luxian lights offer a reliable, energy-efficient solution. Their easy installation and low maintenance make them ideal for a wide range of outdoor spaces, including parks, parking lots, streets, and private properties.

APMS system
What is the APMS Smart Charge and Discharge Management System?

APMS (Advanced Power Management System) is an intelligent charge and discharge management system developed by QUENENG that optimizes lithium battery charging and discharging with a dual-system management mode, ideal for demanding lighting and power needs.

How does the APMS system enable continuous lighting on prolonged rainy days?

Queneng's APMS is equipped with rainy-day endurance technology that ensures continuous lighting during extended cloudy periods, maintaining stable power in sun-deprived conditions and ideal for lighting in remote areas.

Does the APMS system support extremely cold environments?

Yes, APMS has ultra-low temperature control capability, allowing it to operate normally at temperatures as low as -50°C, ideal for high-latitude regions and extreme climates.

How does the dual-system management mode in the APMS system work?

The APMS system uses intelligent algorithms to automatically charge during the day and discharge at night. The dual-system management mode monitors battery status in real-time and adjusts the charge/discharge mode to ensure optimal efficiency under any condition.

What scenarios is the APMS system suitable for?

The APMS system is widely applicable in remote off-grid areas, extremely cold climates, and industrial sites with high energy stability requirements, such as mines and oil fields.

How does the APMS system enhance battery life?

With its dual-system intelligent management mode, APMS reduces frequent charge-discharge cycles, optimizes energy usage, and significantly extends battery lifespan.

Does the APMS system require regular maintenance?

Yes, regular inspections and maintenance are recommended to ensure optimal operation. QUENENG offers remote technical support and maintenance services to help clients maintain system performance.

What is the endurance time of the APMS system during rainy weather?

Optimized for rainy weather, the APMS system can maintain lighting endurance for several days under extended cloudy conditions, with specific duration depending on the environment and battery capacity.

How is the ultra-low temperature control function of the APMS system achieved?

The APMS system uses a specially designed control module that maintains stable operation at extremely low temperatures, ensuring reliability even at -50°C.

What should I do if I encounter a system malfunction?

QUENENG offers 24-hour remote technical support, allowing clients to contact the after-sales team at any time for assistance. The system also includes intelligent self-diagnosis capabilities to detect and alert potential issues automatically.

Industry
Can Queneng’s solar street lighting system operate in harsh weather conditions?

Yes, Queneng’s solar street lighting systems are specially designed to function well in extreme weather. Our equipment is waterproof, corrosion-resistant, and windproof, making it suitable for a variety of climates.

How can I know if Queneng’s solar lighting system is suitable for my project?

Our team conducts a comprehensive analysis based on your project needs, location, and lighting requirements, ensuring that the system is both appropriate and cost-effective for your application.

How is maintenance performed on Queneng’s solar systems?

Our systems are designed for low maintenance, typically only requiring periodic inspections and cleaning. We also offer remote monitoring and technical support to ensure long-term reliability.

Will the solar street lights work effectively in winter or during low sunlight conditions?

Queneng’s solar lights are equipped with high-capacity batteries, ensuring normal illumination even in low-light conditions, making them ideal for regions with frequent winter or rainy weather.

Does Queneng offer off-grid solar systems?

Yes, we provide off-grid solar lighting systems designed for remote areas or regions without grid coverage, meeting the specific lighting needs in these areas.

Can the system automatically adjust brightness based on demand?

Absolutely. Our intelligent control system supports automatic brightness adjustment based on foot traffic or preset time schedules, helping conserve energy and enhancing safety.

If the battery capacity decreases, does Queneng offer replacement services?

Yes, we offer long-term maintenance support for all solar systems, including battery replacements and system upgrades to ensure ongoing high performance.

Do Queneng’s solar street lights have anti-theft protection?

Our solar street lights are designed with security features, including durable casings and anti-theft bolts, minimizing the risk of theft.

Does installing Queneng’s solar street lights require a professional team?

While our systems are designed for easy installation, we recommend having our professional team conduct the installation to ensure optimal operation and correct system setup.

How long is the expected lifespan of Queneng’s solar lighting system?

Under normal maintenance, our solar lighting systems can last over 10 years. High-quality materials and advanced technology contribute to their long-lasting durability and reliability.

Municipal and Public Infrastructure
How long do solar streetlights last?

Our solar streetlights typically last for 5-10 years with minimal maintenance.

Can they operate during rainy or cloudy days?

Yes, advanced battery technology ensures continuous operation even in low sunlight conditions.

How do solar streetlights perform in extreme weather conditions?

Solar streetlights are designed to withstand harsh environments, including high winds, heavy rain, snow, and extreme temperatures. Our products are IP65-rated for waterproofing and are built with corrosion-resistant materials.

Do solar streetlights require any wiring?

No, solar streetlights are entirely independent of the electrical grid. They operate using solar panels, batteries, and LED lights, eliminating the need for underground wiring.

What happens if the battery runs out of charge?

Our solar streetlights use advanced battery management systems to optimize energy usage. Even during prolonged cloudy or rainy periods, the lights can function at reduced brightness to conserve energy.

How much maintenance do solar streetlights require?

Solar streetlights are low-maintenance. Routine checks on the solar panels and battery performance every 6-12 months are sufficient to ensure optimal operation.

Can the lights be customized for specific municipal projects?

Yes, we offer tailored solutions to meet the unique requirements of different projects, including variations in design, brightness, height, and operation modes.

Are your solar streetlights compliant with international standards?

Yes, our products meet international quality and safety standards, including ISO9001, CE, and RoHS certifications, ensuring reliability and performance.

How long does installation typically take?

Solar streetlights are quick and easy to install since they don't require wiring. On average, a single light can be installed within 1-2 hours.

Can solar streetlights be integrated with smart city solutions?

Yes, our solar streetlights can be integrated with IoT systems for smart monitoring, remote control, and data analytics, making them ideal for modern smart cities.

Transportation and Highways
Can the lights operate continuously in rainy or cloudy conditions?

Yes, the battery is designed to store enough energy to last for several days without sunlight.

Are the lights compliant with transportation safety standards?

Yes, our products meet international standards such as CE, RoHS, and ISO certifications.

Can the brightness be adjusted for different traffic conditions?

Yes, smart controls enable brightness adjustment based on traffic density.

How long does the installation process take for a highway solar lighting system?

The installation time depends on the project size. Typically, a single solar streetlight can be installed in 1-2 hours, while larger highway projects may take several days or weeks.

What is the expected lifespan of the solar lighting system?

The solar panels typically last over 25 years, while the LED lights have a lifespan of 50,000+ hours. Batteries usually require replacement after 5-7 years of use.

How does the system handle extreme weather conditions, such as snow or hurricanes?

Our systems are designed to withstand harsh weather, with components that are waterproof, wind-resistant, and capable of operating in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 60°C.

Is there a monitoring system for real-time performance tracking?

Yes, our solar lighting systems are equipped with IoT-enabled controllers that allow remote monitoring and performance tracking via a cloud-based platform.

Can the system be integrated with existing electrical grids for hybrid operation?

Yes, our solar lighting systems can be configured for hybrid operation, combining solar power with grid electricity for uninterrupted performance.

How do you ensure the lights remain theft-proof in high-risk areas?

We use tamper-resistant hardware, anti-theft bolts, and GPS tracking technology to safeguard the solar lighting systems.

Are there options for aesthetic customization to match the local environment?

Yes, we offer customizable pole designs, color finishes, and lighting styles to blend seamlessly with the surrounding environment.

What maintenance is required for highway solar lighting systems?

Routine maintenance includes cleaning the solar panels, checking the battery status, and inspecting the light fixtures every 6-12 months.

How do solar lights perform in areas with heavy traffic pollution?

Solar panels may require more frequent cleaning in high pollution areas to maintain efficiency, but the system's durability ensures reliable performance.

Can the lights be relocated if the road layout changes?

Yes, solar lights are highly flexible and can be easily relocated without the need for re-wiring.

What support do you offer for large-scale highway projects?

We provide end-to-end services, including project design, technical consulting, installation supervision, and after-sales support.

Remote Areas Rural Development
How durable are solar streetlights in extreme rural conditions?

They are designed to withstand harsh weather, including heavy rains, strong winds, and extreme temperatures.

What is the maintenance requirement for solar lighting in rural areas?

Minimal maintenance is needed, primarily involving occasional cleaning of solar panels and checking battery performance.

Can the system operate in areas with limited sunlight?

Yes, advanced batteries store sufficient energy to function during cloudy days or extended low-sunlight periods.

What is the average lifespan of the lighting system?

The system typically lasts 8-10 years, with components like batteries requiring replacement every 5-8 years.

Are solar streetlights scalable for larger rural projects?

Yes, solar streetlights are highly scalable and can be customized to meet the requirements of large-scale rural electrification projects.

What happens if a component of the solar lighting system fails?

Most systems have modular designs, so individual components like batteries or LED lights can be replaced without affecting the entire setup.

How long does it take to install solar streetlights in a rural area?

Installation time varies, but on average, it takes about 2-3 hours per light, with complete project timelines depending on the scale and terrain.

Can solar streetlights be relocated if community needs change?

Yes, they are designed to be portable and can be relocated to new sites with minimal adjustments.

What kind of after-sales support do you provide for rural projects?

We offer remote monitoring, regular maintenance schedules, and technical support for all installed systems.

How do solar streetlights perform in regions with extreme climates, such as deserts or snowy areas?

Advanced materials and designs make them suitable for extreme conditions, including high heat, freezing temperatures, and heavy snow.

What funding options are available for rural solar lighting projects?

We offer flexible financing options, including installment plans and partnerships with NGOs or government programs.

Can solar streetlights integrate with smart technologies like remote monitoring?

Yes, our systems can include IoT features for real-time monitoring and control.

Sustainability
Can Queneng solar street lights operate in all weather conditions?

Yes, our solar street lights are equipped with high-efficiency photovoltaic panels and intelligent control systems, enabling them to operate even in cloudy or low-light conditions. The battery can store enough energy to provide lighting for several days during extended periods of cloudy weather.

What is the lifespan of the solar street light battery?

Queneng solar street light batteries typically last 5–8 years, depending on usage frequency and environmental conditions. The batteries are replaceable, and regular maintenance can help extend their lifespan.

How should I maintain solar street lights for optimal performance?

To ensure optimal performance, we recommend cleaning and inspecting the lights every 6–12 months. Regularly cleaning the photovoltaic panels, checking the battery health, and confirming the integrity of the lights and control systems are essential for long-term reliable operation.

Do Queneng solar street lights require a power connection?

No, our solar street lights operate independently of the power grid. They rely entirely on photovoltaic panels that charge the built-in battery, making an electrical connection unnecessary.

Does Queneng offer installation services?

Yes, we provide installation support based on project requirements, including professional installation guidance and technical consultation. If needed, our team can arrange on-site installation services.

What is the wind resistance rating of Queneng solar street lights?

Our solar street lights are rigorously tested and can withstand wind speeds of up to 120 km/h. For areas with particularly strong winds, we offer customized solutions to enhance wind resistance.

What factors should be considered when choosing an installation location?

Solar street lights should be installed in areas with abundant sunlight and minimal obstructions to ensure the photovoltaic panels receive maximum sunlight. Avoid locations close to trees or tall buildings that could cast shadows on the panels.

If the light or battery fails, can it be replaced individually?

Yes. Queneng’s solar street lights are designed with a modular structure, so components such as photovoltaic panels, batteries, lights, and controllers can be replaced individually, making maintenance convenient and cost-effective.

What is the warranty period for Queneng solar street lights?

We offer a 3–5-year warranty on all solar street lights, depending on the model and project requirements. During the warranty period, any issues arising from quality defects will be repaired or replaced at no cost.

Solar Street Light Luqing
How does the solar street light work?

The solar street light operates by converting sunlight into electricity through its built-in solar panels. The energy is stored in an integrated battery, which powers the LED light at night, providing reliable illumination without relying on external electricity sources.

What kind of maintenance does the solar street light require?

Solar street lights are designed for low maintenance. The primary maintenance task is to ensure the solar panels are clean and free of debris to optimize their charging efficiency. Periodic checks of the battery and LED performance may also be necessary to ensure long-term functionality.

How long does the solar street light last?

The lifespan of a solar street light depends on the quality of the components, but typically, the solar panels can last up to 25 years, and the LED lights last 50,000 hours or more. The battery generally lasts between 3-5 years, after which it may need to be replaced.

Can solar street lights be used in cloudy or rainy weather?

Yes, solar street lights can still function in cloudy or rainy conditions, though their performance may be reduced due to lower sunlight. The battery is designed to store enough energy to power the light for several days of overcast weather.

How bright are solar street lights?

Solar street lights are equipped with high-efficiency LED lights that provide bright, consistent illumination. The brightness typically ranges from 2,000 to 12,000 lumens, depending on the model, providing clear and effective lighting for streets, parks, and public areas.

Are solar street lights easy to install?

Yes, solar street lights are easy to install. They do not require external wiring or connections to the electrical grid. The installation process is straightforward and typically involves mounting the light pole, positioning the solar panel, and securing the battery and lighting unit.

Do solar street lights work without direct sunlight?

Solar street lights can still operate without direct sunlight as long as the solar panels receive some sunlight during the day to charge the battery. However, performance may be less optimal during prolonged periods of low sunlight, and the battery life may be shorter.

What is the main advantage of using Luqing solar street lights over traditional street lights?

The main advantage of Luqing solar street lights is their sustainability. They use solar energy, eliminating the need for electricity from the grid, which reduces energy costs and environmental impact while providing reliable lighting.

What kind of battery is used in Luqing solar street lights?

Luqing solar street lights typically use lithium-ion batteries, known for their efficiency, long life, and ability to handle high numbers of charge cycles compared to other battery types like lead-acid.

What are the main benefits of using Luqing solar street lights in urban areas?

In urban areas, Luqing solar street lights reduce dependency on the grid, cut down on electricity costs, and minimize environmental impact. They also offer easy installation, which reduces the need for extensive wiring and infrastructure changes.

Do Luqing solar street lights work in cold or snowy climates?

Yes, Luqing solar street lights are designed to work in various weather conditions, including cold and snowy climates. The solar panels are made to operate efficiently even in low temperatures, and the LED lights perform well in all weather.

Are Luqing solar street lights suitable for large areas like parking lots or highways?

Yes, Luqing solar street lights are suitable for a variety of outdoor environments, including parking lots, highways, and large public spaces. They offer sufficient brightness and coverage for these areas without the need for grid-based power.

Can I install Luqing solar street lights myself, or do I need a professional?

Luqing solar street lights are designed for easy installation, typically requiring no special tools or external wiring. Most installations can be done by a homeowner or contractor with basic knowledge of outdoor lighting, but professional installation is always an option for more complex setups.

Solar Street Light Lufei
What is the warranty on the solar street light?

Queneng offers a warranty of 2-5 years on our solar street lights, covering defects in material and workmanship. The warranty duration may vary based on the model and product components.

Can I adjust the brightness of the solar street light?

Some models of Queneng’s solar street lights come with adjustable brightness settings, allowing you to customize the light output based on your needs. Additionally, some models feature motion sensors that increase brightness when movement is detected.

Are solar street lights suitable for installation in urban areas?

Yes, solar street lights are ideal for both urban and rural installations. In urban areas, they help reduce electricity costs and carbon emissions while providing reliable illumination in parks, streets, and other public spaces.

Can solar street lights be connected to the electrical grid?

Most solar street lights are designed to operate independently of the electrical grid, but some models offer hybrid systems that allow for grid connection as a backup during extended periods of low sunlight.

How long does it take to install a solar street light?

Installation typically takes 1-2 hours, depending on the complexity of the setup. No external wiring is required, which makes installation faster and simpler compared to traditional street lighting.

What type of solar panel is used in the solar street light?

Queneng’s solar street lights use high-efficiency monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar panels, which provide better performance and greater energy conversion efficiency than standard panels.

Solar Street Light Luhui
Can Luhui solar street lights be used in areas with limited sunlight?

Yes, Luhui solar street lights are equipped with high-efficiency solar panels that can charge even in low light conditions, providing reliable illumination, even in areas with limited or intermittent sunlight.

How much energy can Luhui solar street lights save compared to traditional street lighting?

Luhui solar street lights can save up to 80% in energy costs compared to conventional street lighting, as they use solar power and have energy-efficient LEDs that consume significantly less power than traditional lighting systems.

Do Luhui solar street lights have a battery backup for cloudy days?

Yes, each Luhui solar street light includes a rechargeable battery that stores solar energy during the day to power the light at night, ensuring continuous operation even on c

Can Luhui solar street lights be controlled remotely?

Certain models of Luhui solar street lights come with smart control features, allowing users to remotely monitor and adjust settings such as brightness levels and operational times via mobile apps or centralized systems.

Are Luhui solar street lights adjustable for different lighting needs?

Yes, many models feature adjustable settings, including dimming or motion sensor options, allowing you to customize the lighting based on the specific needs of the area being illuminated.

What makes Luhui solar street lights different from other solar lights?

Luhui solar street lights use high-performance LEDs and advanced solar panels for superior efficiency and longevity. They are designed with enhanced durability, providing bright and consistent lighting in all weather conditions.

Solar Street Light Lufeng
What makes Lufeng solar street lights eco-friendly?

Lufeng solar street lights are eco-friendly because they use renewable solar energy to power the LEDs, eliminating the need for electricity from the grid. This reduces carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, contributing to a greener, more sustainable environment.

What type of LED technology does Lufeng solar street lights use?

Lufeng solar street lights use advanced LED technology, which provides bright, high-quality illumination while consuming less power compared to traditional street lights. LEDs are more energy-efficient, have a longer lifespan, and require less maintenance, making them ideal for outdoor lighting applications.

How are Lufeng solar street lights designed for durability?

Lufeng solar street lights are built with high-quality, weather-resistant materials that can withstand harsh outdoor conditions. They are designed to endure extreme temperatures, heavy rainfall, and strong winds. The lights are also corrosion-resistant, ensuring long-term performance even in challenging environments.

How do Lufeng solar street lights help reduce energy consumption?

Lufeng solar street lights use solar power, which is a renewable and free energy source, significantly reducing energy consumption from traditional power grids. Additionally, they feature energy-efficient LEDs and smart controls that adjust brightness based on ambient light or motion detection, further conserving energy.

Can Lufeng solar street lights operate during the winter?

Yes, Lufeng solar street lights are designed to operate year-round, including during the winter. They are equipped with high-efficiency solar panels that continue to collect solar energy even in cold or overcast conditions. The lights are also built to withstand freezing temperatures and provide reliable illumination in all seasons.

Can Lufeng solar street lights be integrated with other smart systems?

Yes, Lufeng solar street lights can be integrated with smart systems for more advanced functionality. Some models can be connected to remote control units or smart city systems, allowing for real-time monitoring, remote management, and automated control of lighting schedules. This integration enhances efficiency and ease of use.

Are Lufeng solar street lights compatible with different outdoor environments?

Yes, Lufeng solar street lights are highly versatile and can be used in a variety of outdoor environments. They are perfect for urban streets, residential areas, rural roads, parks, and recreational spaces. Their durable design ensures they can function reliably in diverse weather conditions and geographical locations.

Solar Street Light Chuanqi
How do Chuanqi solar street lights differ from traditional street lights?

Chuanqi solar street lights are powered by solar energy, making them a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional street lights that rely on the electrical grid. They use energy-efficient LED technology that reduces electricity consumption while providing reliable, bright lighting. Unlike traditional lights, Chuanqi solar street lights operate independently of the grid, reducing installation costs and maintenance.

What makes Chuanqi solar street lights energy-efficient?

Chuanqi solar street lights are equipped with high-efficiency solar panels that maximize energy collection even in less-than-ideal weather conditions. They also use low-energy-consuming LED lights that provide bright illumination without excessive power consumption. Additionally, the lights feature automatic on/off functionality, ensuring they only use energy when needed.

How do the solar panels in Chuanqi street lights store energy?

The solar panels in Chuanqi solar street lights collect sunlight during the day and convert it into electrical energy, which is stored in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. The stored energy is then used to power the LED lights at night, ensuring continuous illumination even when the sun is not shining. This energy storage system ensures the lights work autonomously without relying on an external power source.

Are Chuanqi solar street lights suitable for both residential and commercial use?

Yes, Chuanqi solar street lights are suitable for a wide range of applications, including both residential and commercial use. Whether it's illuminating streets, pathways, parks, or parking lots, Chuanqi lights provide dependable outdoor lighting. Their ease of installation and low operational costs make them ideal for both private homes and large-scale commercial projects.

Can Chuanqi solar street lights be installed in remote or off-grid locations?

Yes, Chuanqi solar street lights are perfect for remote or off-grid locations because they do not require an external power supply. They are entirely solar-powered, making them ideal for rural areas, parks, trails, or other places where connecting to the electrical grid is not feasible. Their self-sufficient design makes installation simple and cost-effective.

Solar Street Light Luyi
What are the key features of Luyi solar street lights?

Luyi solar street lights feature advanced LED technology paired with high-efficiency solar panels. They offer bright, reliable illumination while consuming minimal energy. The lights are designed with durable materials to withstand harsh outdoor conditions and come equipped with motion sensors, adaptive brightness control, and smart monitoring capabilities for enhanced energy savings.

How do Luyi solar street lights save energy compared to traditional street lights?

Luyi solar street lights save energy by using solar power, a renewable energy source, to operate. Unlike traditional street lights that rely on the electrical grid, Luyi lights harness the sun’s energy during the day, which is stored in the battery for nighttime use. The energy-efficient LEDs provide bright illumination while consuming less power than conventional lighting options, significantly lowering electricity costs.

Can Luyi solar street lights function in areas with cloudy or rainy weather?

Yes, Luyi solar street lights are designed to function efficiently even in cloudy or rainy weather. The high-efficiency solar panels can still capture and store energy in low-light conditions, ensuring that the lights remain operational throughout the night. The system is equipped with a large enough battery to store energy for extended periods, making them reliable even on overcast days.

Can Luyi solar street lights be integrated into smart city infrastructure?

Yes, Luyi solar street lights can be integrated into smart city infrastructure. With their advanced control systems, they can be connected to a central monitoring system for real-time performance tracking, remote control of lighting schedules, and energy management. This integration helps optimize energy use and allows for easy maintenance and monitoring of large-scale installations.

Are Luyi solar street lights suitable for all outdoor environments?

Yes, Luyi solar street lights are highly versatile and suitable for a wide range of outdoor environments. Whether for urban streets, rural roads, parking lots, parks, or pathways, Luyi lights provide reliable illumination in any setting. Their weatherproof and durable construction makes them ideal for harsh outdoor conditions, including extreme heat, cold, rain, and snow.

Solar Street Light Lulin
What makes Lulin solar street lights high-performance and energy-saving?

Lulin solar street lights are designed with high-efficiency solar panels and cutting-edge LED technology, providing optimal brightness with minimal energy consumption. The LED lights consume less power while offering superior illumination, and the solar panels capture and store sunlight efficiently, ensuring the lights perform well even in low sunlight conditions.

How durable are Lulin solar street lights?

Lulin solar street lights are built to last. They are constructed using corrosion-resistant aluminum and high-strength tempered glass, making them durable enough to withstand harsh weather conditions, including rain, snow, and extreme temperatures. The lights are also designed to resist UV rays, dust, and other environmental factors, offering a long service life in both urban and rural settings.

Can Lulin solar street lights be used in areas with limited sunlight?

Yes, Lulin solar street lights are equipped with high-efficiency solar panels that are capable of charging the battery even in cloudy or low-light conditions. While the performance may vary based on the amount of sunlight received, the system is designed to store enough energy to ensure reliable performance during the night, even in regions with limited sunlight.

How easy is it to install Lulin solar street lights?

Lulin solar street lights are designed for easy installation. They do not require any wiring to the power grid, making them perfect for areas without electrical infrastructure. The installation typically involves mounting the pole, securing the light fixture, and positioning the solar panel for maximum sunlight exposure. The lights can be installed quickly and efficiently, saving on installation costs.

Are Lulin solar street lights weatherproof?

Yes, Lulin solar street lights are designed to be weather-resistant and can function in extreme weather conditions.  They are fully protected against water, dust, and other environmental factors, ensuring reliable operation even during heavy rain, snow, or high winds.

Solar Street Light Luda
What makes Luda solar street lights high-efficiency and eco-friendly?

Luda solar street lights feature high-efficiency solar panels that maximize energy conversion even in low sunlight conditions, ensuring optimal performance throughout the day. The use of energy-efficient LED bulbs minimizes electricity consumption while delivering bright, reliable illumination. This combination of features reduces the overall carbon footprint and makes them an eco-friendly choice for outdoor lighting.

What are the key benefits of using LED lights in Luda solar street lights?

LED lights used in Luda solar street lights are highly energy-efficient, providing bright illumination while using less power compared to traditional lighting solutions. LEDs also have a longer lifespan, reducing the need for frequent bulb replacements, and they generate less heat, further enhancing their energy efficiency and performance in outdoor conditions.

What are the installation requirements for Luda solar street lights?

Installing Luda solar street lights is straightforward and does not require complex wiring. The lights come with easy-to-follow installation instructions, typically involving mounting the pole, securing the light fixture, and positioning the solar panel for optimal sunlight exposure. Since they don’t require any electrical wiring, the installation is quick and cost-effective.

Can Luda solar street lights be used in remote areas without access to the electrical grid?

Yes, Luda solar street lights are perfect for remote areas without access to the electrical grid. Since they operate entirely on solar energy, they do not require any external wiring or connection to the power grid. This makes them an ideal solution for rural roads, remote pathways, and areas lacking infrastructure.

Solar Street Light Luyan
What types of batteries are used in Luyan solar street lights, and how do they work?

Luyan solar street lights use high-quality lithium-ion batteries. These batteries store the solar energy captured during the day and provide reliable illumination at night. Lithium-ion batteries are known for their longer lifespan, faster charging times, and better energy storage compared to traditional lead-acid batteries.

What makes Luyan solar street lights eco-friendly?

Luyan solar street lights are eco-friendly because they use renewable solar energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing carbon emissions. The lights are powered by solar panels, and the energy-efficient LEDs ensure lower power consumption, making them a sustainable lighting solution for outdoor areas.

How easy is it to install Luyan solar street lights?

Luyan solar street lights are designed for easy installation. They require no external wiring or complex electrical setups. The installation typically involves mounting the pole, securing the light fixture, and positioning the solar panel for optimal sun exposure. This makes them ideal for both residential and commercial installations.

How do Luyan solar street lights reduce environmental impact?

Luyan solar street lights are an eco-friendly lighting solution because they use solar power, a renewable energy source, to generate electricity. By relying on solar energy, they eliminate the need for grid electricity, helping to reduce carbon emissions and decrease the overall carbon footprint. Additionally, the energy-efficient LED lights consume less power, ensuring that the system uses minimal energy while providing bright, reliable illumination.

Can Luyan solar street lights function in areas with limited sunlight or cloudy weather?

Yes, Luyan solar street lights are designed to function reliably even in areas with limited sunlight or during cloudy weather. The high-efficiency solar panels can capture and store energy even in low-light conditions, ensuring that the lights will still provide illumination during cloudy or rainy days. The system is equipped with a battery that stores enough energy to keep the lights running throughout the night, regardless of weather conditions, making it suitable for diverse climates.

Solar Street Light Luhua
What makes Luhua solar street lights energy-saving and eco-friendly?

Luhua solar street lights are energy-efficient because they use solar power, a renewable energy source, to generate electricity, reducing reliance on the grid. The LED lights consume very little energy while providing high brightness. The eco-friendly design helps reduce carbon emissions and lower electricity costs, making them a sustainable and green solution for outdoor lighting.

How do Luhua solar street lights work?

Luhua solar street lights use high-efficiency solar panels to capture sunlight during the day and store it in lithium-ion batteries. These batteries then power the LED lights at night. The intelligent control system adjusts the light output based on ambient light conditions and detects motion to maximize energy savings by dimming when no motion is detected and increasing brightness when movement is sensed.

Can Luhua solar street lights work in areas with limited sunlight?

Yes, Luhua solar street lights are designed to perform well in areas with limited sunlight. The high-efficiency solar panels can still generate enough energy even in cloudy or rainy weather. The system is equipped with batteries that store excess energy during the day, ensuring the lights operate throughout the night, regardless of weather conditions.

What is the main advantage of using Luhua Smart Solar Street Lights over traditional street lights?

The main advantage of Luhua Smart Solar Street Lights is their reliance on renewable solar energy, which reduces dependency on the electrical grid. This makes them not only more eco-friendly but also more cost-effective in the long term. Additionally, the smart features such as motion detection and adaptive brightness make them highly energy-efficient compared to conventional street lights.

What is the environmental impact of installing Luhua solar street lights?

Installing Luhua solar street lights significantly reduces the environmental impact by decreasing reliance on fossil-fuel-powered electricity. By harnessing solar energy, these lights help cut down on carbon emissions, contributing to a greener, more sustainable environment. Additionally, the use of energy-efficient LED lights reduces electricity consumption, further supporting environmental goals.

Solar Street Light Luqiu
What makes Luqiu solar street lights innovative compared to traditional solar street lights?

Luqiu solar street lights incorporate advanced technology, such as energy-saving LEDs, smart sensors, and efficient solar panels. These features ensure higher performance, longer battery life, and better adaptability to varying weather conditions, setting them apart from traditional models.

How energy-efficient are Luqiu solar street lights?

Luqiu solar street lights are highly energy-efficient, using cutting-edge LED technology that consumes less power while providing brighter illumination compared to conventional street lights. This significantly reduces energy costs and environmental impact.

Can Luqiu solar street lights be used in remote or off-grid locations?

Yes, Luqiu solar street lights are ideal for remote or off-grid locations where access to electricity is limited or unavailable. They operate independently, relying solely on solar energy, making them a perfect solution for rural areas, pathways, and off-grid communities.

How do the smart sensors in Luqiu solar street lights work?

Luqiu solar street lights are equipped with motion and ambient light sensors. The motion sensor detects movement and adjusts the brightness accordingly, while the ambient light sensor automatically turns the light on at dusk and off at dawn to optimize energy use.

What is the expected lifespan of a Luqiu solar street light?

Luqiu solar street lights have a long lifespan, with LED lights lasting up to 50,000 hours and solar panels providing reliable power for over 20 years. The batteries typically last 3-5 years, depending on usage and mainten.

Solar Street Light Luan
What makes Luan solar street lights high-efficiency?

Luan solar street lights are equipped with advanced high-efficiency solar panels and LED technology. The panels capture solar energy effectively, even under low light conditions, while the energy-efficient LEDs provide bright illumination with minimal power consumption, ensuring long-lasting performance.

How bright are Luan solar street lights compared to traditional street lights?

Luan solar street lights offer brightness comparable to or greater than traditional street lights, using far less energy. The LEDs are designed to provide high-quality, focused illumination, enhancing visibility and safety in outdoor areas while saving energy.

Are Luan solar street lights weatherproof?

Yes, Luan solar street lights are designed to withstand a variety of weather conditions. They are built with weather-resistant materials that can endure rain, snow, high winds, and extreme temperatures. This ensures they can provide consistent performance year-round, even in harsh climates.

How are Luan solar street lights installed?

Luan solar street lights are designed for easy installation. They come with all necessary mounting hardware and can be set up without the need for electrical connections. Most installations take just a few hours and can be done with basic tools, making them a great solution for DIY projects.

What is the lifespan of Luan solar street lights?

Luan solar street lights have an impressive lifespan. The LEDs can last up to 50,000 hours, and the solar panels can perform efficiently for 25 years or more. The batteries typically last 3 to 5 years, depending on usage and environmental conditions, ensuring long-term value.

Solar Street Light Luzhou
How efficient are the solar panels in Luzhou solar street lights?

Luzhou solar street lights are equipped with high-efficiency solar panels that are designed to capture maximum sunlight, even in low-light conditions. This ensures optimal performance even on cloudy or overcast days.

Can Luzhou solar street lights be used in areas with limited sunlight?

Yes, Luzhou solar street lights are designed to function in areas with limited sunlight. Their high-efficiency solar panels and advanced battery storage systems ensure reliable performance, even in regions with less sunlight or during the winter months.

Are Luzhou solar street lights easy to install?

Yes, Luzhou solar street lights are designed for easy installation. They come with all necessary hardware, and installation typically takes just a few hours. The lights do not require any wiring or electrical connections, making them perfect for both residential and commercial applications.

Can Luzhou solar street lights be used in remote locations?

Yes, Luzhou solar street lights are perfect for remote locations that do not have access to the electrical grid. Their solar-powered design allows them to operate independently, making them an ideal solution for rural roads, parks, and off-grid areas.

What is the brightness level of Luzhou solar street lights?

Luzhou solar street lights provide bright, high-quality illumination that is comparable to traditional street lighting. The LEDs used in these lights are designed to provide focused, powerful lighting that enhances visibility and safety in outdoor spaces.

What are the benefits of using Luzhou solar street lights over traditional street lights?

Luzhou solar street lights are more energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly compared to traditional street lights. They use solar energy, which reduces electricity bills, and require minimal maintenance. They are also independent of the grid, providing lighting in areas without electricity infrastructure.

Are Luzhou solar street lights suitable for urban and residential areas?

Yes, Luzhou solar street lights are versatile and suitable for both urban and residential settings. They can be installed along streets, pathways, parks, and other public spaces, providing reliable, energy-efficient lighting wherever it's needed.

Solar Street Light Luhao
What type of battery is used in the Luhao solar street light?

The Luhao solar street light uses high-quality lithium-ion batteries that store solar energy efficiently. These batteries offer long-lasting performance and can typically last for 3 to 5 years before needing replacement.

Can the Luhao solar street light be used in residential areas?

Yes, the Luhao solar street light is suitable for both residential and commercial applications. It is perfect for lighting driveways, gardens, pathways, or any outdoor area that requires reliable, energy-efficient illumination.

What is the energy efficiency of the Luhao solar street light?

The Luhao solar street light is highly energy-efficient, using solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity without relying on grid power. The LED lights consume very little energy compared to traditional street lights, making them both cost-effective and eco-friendly.

How does the Luhao solar street light contribute to sustainability?

The Luhao solar street light reduces carbon emissions by utilizing solar power instead of electricity from non-renewable sources. It provides a clean, green alternative to traditional lighting, helping to lower environmental impact and promote sustainability in outdoor lighting.

What are the key features of the Luhao solar street light?

The Luhao solar street light combines advanced LED technology with solar power, providing a sustainable, energy-efficient lighting solution. Key features include high-performance LEDs, solar panel charging, long-lasting batteries, and weather-resistant construction for reliable outdoor illumination.

Is the Luhao solar street light weatherproof?

Yes, the Luhao solar street light is designed to withstand all weather conditions. It is made with durable, weather-resistant materials that can handle rain, snow, heat, and cold, ensuring reliable performance year-round.

How long does it take to install the Luhao solar street light?

Installation of the Luhao solar street light is quick and easy. It typically takes only a few hours to install the light, and no electrical wiring is required, making it a straightforward solution for both residential and commercial use.

Battery fundamentals and basic terms
What do you mean by battery?
Battery is a device for energy conversion and storage, which converts chemical or physical energy into electrical energy through a reaction. Batteries can be categorized into chemical batteries and physical batteries according to the different types of energy they convert. A chemical battery or chemical power supply is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of two electrochemically active electrodes of different compositions forming the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, and a chemical substance that provides media conduction as the electrolyte, which when attached to some external carrier provides electrical energy by converting its internal chemical energy. A physical battery is a device that converts physical energy into electrical energy.
What are the differences between primary and secondary batteries?
The main difference is the difference in the active substance, which is reversible in secondary batteries and not in primary batteries. The self-discharge of primary batteries is much smaller than that of secondary batteries, but the internal resistance is much larger than that of secondary batteries, so the load capacity is lower, in addition, the mass specific capacity and volume specific capacity of primary batteries are larger than that of general rechargeable batteries.
What is the electrochemistry of NiMH batteries?

Nickel-metal hydride batteries use Ni oxide as the positive electrode, hydrogen storage metal as the negative electrode, and alkaline solution (mainly KOH) as the electrolyte, when charging nickel-metal hydride batteries:

Positive reaction: Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O-e-
Negative reaction: M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH-
Nickel-metal hydride battery discharge:
Positive pole reaction: NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH-
Negative reaction: MH+OH- → M+H2O+e-

What is the electrochemistry of lithium-ion batteries?

The main component of the positive electrode of lithium-ion battery is LiCoO2 and the negative electrode is mainly C. When charging,
Anode reaction: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe-
Negative reaction: C + xLi+ + xe- → CLix
Total battery reaction: LiCoO2 + C → Li1-xCoO2 + CLix
The reverse reaction of the above reaction occurs during discharge.

What are the common standards for batteries?
Commonly used IEC standards for batteries: Nickel-metal hydride batteries standard IEC61951-2:2003; lithium-ion battery industry generally based on UL or national standards.

Batteries commonly used national standards: nickel-metal hydride batteries standard GB/T15100_1994, GB/T18288_2000; lithium-ion batteries standard GB/T10077_1998, YD/T998_1999, GB/T18287_2000.

In addition, the common standards for batteries also have the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C standard on batteries.

IEC is the International Electrotechnical Commission (International Electrical Commission), is a world-wide standardization organization composed of national electrical commissions, which aims to promote the standardization of the world electrical and electronic fields.The IEC standard is the standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission.
What are the main structural components of a NiMH battery?
The main components of nickel-metal hydride batteries are: positive electrode plate (nickel oxide), negative electrode plate (hydrogen storage alloy), electrolyte (mainly KOH), diaphragm paper, sealing ring, positive cap, battery case and so on.
What are the main structural components of a lithium-ion battery?
The main components of lithium-ion batteries are: upper and lower battery cover, positive electrode (active substance is lithium cobalt oxide), diaphragm (a special composite membrane), negative electrode (active substance is carbon), organic electrolyte, battery shell (divided into two kinds of steel shell and aluminum shell) and so on.
What is battery internal resistance?
It is the resistance to the flow of current through the interior of the battery when it is in operation. It consists of two parts: ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance. A large internal resistance of the battery will lead to lower discharge operating voltage and shorter discharge time. The size of internal resistance is mainly affected by the battery's material, manufacturing process, battery structure and other factors. It is an important parameter to measure the performance of the battery. Note: Generally, the charging state internal resistance is the standard. Measurement of the internal resistance of the battery needs to be measured with a special internal resistance meter, and can not be measured with a multimeter ohm gear.
What is nominal voltage?
The nominal voltage of the battery refers to the voltage shown during normal operation, the nominal voltage of secondary Ni-Cd-Ni-MH battery is 1.2V; the nominal voltage of secondary lithium battery is 3.6V.
What is open circuit voltage?
Open circuit voltage is the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of the battery when the battery is not in working condition, i.e., when there is no current flowing in the circuit. Working voltage, also known as terminal voltage, is the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of the battery in the working state, i.e., when there is current in the circuit.
What is the residual discharge capacity of a battery?
When the rechargeable battery with high current (such as 1C or more) discharge, due to the current over the Ambassador's internal diffusion rate of the existence of the "bottleneck effect", resulting in the capacity of the battery in the capacity can not be fully discharged when the terminal voltage has reached, and then with a small current, such as 0.2C can continue to discharge until 1.0V/branch (nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride battery) and 3.0V/branch (lithium battery) when the capacity discharged is known as residual capacity. The capacity discharged at 1.0V/battery (Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries) and 3.0V/battery (Li-ion batteries) is called residual capacity.
What is a discharge platform?
The discharge platform of NiMH rechargeable battery usually refers to the voltage range where the working voltage of the battery is relatively smooth when the battery is discharged under a certain discharge regime, and its value is related to the discharge current, and the higher the current is, the lower its value is. The discharge platform of lithium-ion battery is generally constant voltage charging to a voltage of 4.2V and the current is less than 0.01C when stop charging, and then set aside for 10 minutes, in any rate of discharge current under the discharge to 3.6V discharge time. It is an important standard to measure the good and bad of the battery.
What are the packaging materials for batteries?
1. Non-drying media (paper) such as fiber paper, double-sided tape
2. PVC film, trademark tube
3. Connection sheet: stainless steel sheet, pure nickel sheet, nickel-plated steel sheet
4. lead sheet: stainless steel sheet (easy to solder), Pure nickel sheet (spot welding firmly)
5. plug type
6. protection components such as temperature control switches, overcurrent protector, current limiting resistors
7. cardboard boxes, cartons
8. Plastic shell type
What is the purpose of battery packaging, assembly and design?
1. Aesthetics, brand
2.Battery voltage limitation, to get a higher voltage need to connect multiple batteries in series
3. Protect the battery, prevent short-circuit to extend the life of the battery
4. Size limitation
5. Easy transportation
6. Design of special functions, such as waterproof, special appearance design.
Battery Performance and Testing
What are the main aspects of performance commonly referred to as secondary batteries?
Mainly include voltage, internal resistance, capacity, energy density, internal pressure, self-discharge rate, cycle life, sealing performance, safety performance, storage performance, appearance, etc. Others include overcharge, over-discharge, corrosion resistance, etc.
What are the battery reliability test items?
1) Cycle life
2) Discharge characteristics at different rates
3) Discharge characteristics at different temperatures
4) Charging characteristics
5) Self-discharge characteristics
6) Storage characteristics
7) Over-discharge characteristics
8) Internal resistance characteristics at different temperatures
9) Temperature cycle test
10) Drop test
11) Vibration test
12) Capacity test
13) Internal resistance test
14) GMS test
15) High and low temperature impact test
16) Mechanical impact test
17) High temperature and high humidity test
What are the battery safety test items?
1) Short circuit test
2) Overcharge and over-discharge test
3) Withstand voltage test
4) Impact test
5) Vibration test
6) Heating test
7) Fire test
9) Temperature changing cycle test
10) Trickle charging test
11) Free drop test
12) Low pressure test
13) Forced discharge test
15) Electric hot plate test
17) Thermal shock test
19) Needle prick test
20) Extrusion test
21) Heavy object impact test
What are the common charging methods?
How to charge nickel metal hydride batteries:
1) Constant current charging: The charging current is a certain value during the entire charging process. This method is the most common;
2) Constant voltage charging: During the charging process, both ends of the charging power supply maintain a constant value, and the current in the circuit gradually decreases as the battery voltage increases;
3) Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a certain value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the current in the circuit drops to very small, eventually tending to 0.
How to charge lithium battery:
Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a certain value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the current in the circuit drops to very small, eventually tending to 0.
What is the standard charging and discharging of nickel metal hydride batteries?
The IEC international standard stipulates that the standard charging and discharging of nickel-metal hydride batteries is: first discharge the battery to 1.0V/unit at 0.2C, then charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours, leave it for 1 hour, and discharge it to 1.0V/unit at 0.2C, that is For standard charging and discharging of the battery.
What is pulse charging? What impact does it have on battery performance?
Pulse charging generally adopts the method of charging and discharging, that is, charging for 5 seconds and then releasing for 1 second. In this way, most of the oxygen generated during the charging process will be reduced to electrolyte under the discharge pulse. Not only does it limit the amount of vaporization of the internal electrolyte, but also for old batteries that have been severely polarized, they will gradually recover or approach their original capacity after 5-10 times of charging and discharging using this charging method.
What is trickle charging?
Trickle charging is used to compensate for the loss of capacity due to self-discharge after the battery is fully charged. Generally, pulse current charging is used to achieve the above purpose.
What is charging efficiency?
Charging efficiency refers to a measure of the degree to which the electrical energy consumed by a battery during charging is converted into chemical energy that the battery can save. It is mainly affected by the battery process and the working environment temperature of the battery. Generally, the higher the ambient temperature, the lower the charging efficiency.
What is discharge efficiency?
Discharge efficiency refers to the ratio of the actual amount of electricity released to the rated capacity when discharging to the end voltage under certain discharge conditions. It is mainly affected by factors such as discharge rate, ambient temperature, internal resistance, etc. Generally speaking, the higher the discharge rate, the The lower the discharge efficiency. The lower the temperature, the lower the discharge efficiency.
What is the power output of the battery?
The output power of a battery refers to the ability to output energy per unit time. It is calculated based on the discharge current I and the discharge voltage, P=U*I, and the unit is watts.
The smaller the internal resistance of the battery, the higher the output power. The internal resistance of the battery should be smaller than the internal resistance of the electrical appliance. Otherwise, the power consumed by the battery itself will be greater than the power consumed by the electrical appliance, which is uneconomical and may damage the battery.
What is a 24-hour self-discharge test?
The self-discharge test of lithium battery is as follows: Generally, 24 hours self-discharge is used to quickly test its charge retention capacity, the battery will be discharged to 3.0V with 0.2C, and charged to 4.2V with constant current and constant voltage 1C, and the cut-off current is 10mA. After 15 minutes, the battery will be discharged to 3.0V with 1C to measure its discharged capacity C1, and then it will be charged to 4.2V with constant current and constant voltage 1C, and the cut-off current is 10mA. Measure the capacity C2 of 1C after 24 hours, C2/C1*100% should be more than 99%.
What is self-discharge of secondary batteries?
Self-discharge, also known as charge retention capacity, refers to the ability of the battery to maintain the power stored under certain environmental conditions in the open circuit state. Generally speaking, self-discharge is mainly affected by manufacturing processes, materials, and storage conditions. Self-discharge is one of the main parameters for measuring battery performance. Generally speaking, the lower the battery storage temperature, the lower the self-discharge rate. However, it should also be noted that either the temperature is too low or too high, which may cause the battery to be damaged and unusable.
What are the self-discharge rates of different types of batteries?
After the battery is fully charged and left open for a period of time, a certain degree of self-discharge is normal. IEC standards stipulate that after the nickel-metal hydride battery is fully charged and left open circuit for 28 days at a temperature of 20°C ± 5°C and a humidity of (65 ± 20)%, the 0.2C discharge capacity reaches 60% of the initial capacity.
What is the internal resistance in charging state and what is the difference between internal resistance in discharging state?
The internal resistance in the charging state refers to the internal resistance of the battery when it is 100% fully charged; the internal resistance in the discharge state refers to the internal resistance of the battery after it is fully discharged. Generally speaking, the internal resistance in the discharge state is unstable and relatively large, while the internal resistance in the charging state is small and the resistance value is relatively stable. During the use of the battery, only the internal resistance in the charged state has practical significance. In the later stages of battery use, due to the depletion of the electrolyte and the reduction in the activity of internal chemical substances, the internal resistance of the battery will increase to varying degrees.
What is static resistance? What is dynamic resistance?
The static internal resistance is the internal resistance of the battery when discharging, and the dynamic internal resistance is the internal resistance of the battery when charging.
What is the standard overcharge resistance test?
IEC stipulates that the standard overcharge resistance test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is: discharge the battery to 1.0V/unit at 0.2C, and charge it continuously at 0.1C for 48 hours. The battery should have no deformation or leakage, and it should be discharged at 0.2C after overcharging. The time to 1.0V should be greater than 5 hours.
What is the IEC standard cycle life test?
IEC stipulates that the standard cycle life test of nickel-metal hydride batteries is:
After the battery is discharged to 1.0V/support at 0.2C
1. Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, then discharge at 0.2C for 2 hours and 30 minutes (one cycle)
2. Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, discharge at 0.25C for 2 hours and 20 minutes (2-48 cycles)
3. Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, then discharge to 1.0V at 0.25C (49th cycle)
4. Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, leave for 1 hour, discharge at 0.2C to 1.0V (50th cycle). For nickel-metal hydride batteries, after repeating 1-4 for a total of 400 cycles, the 0.2C discharge time should be greater than 3 hours; for nickel-cadmium batteries, repeating 1-4 for a total of 500 cycles, the 0.2C discharge time should be greater than 3 hours.
What is the internal pressure of the battery?
It refers to the internal air pressure of the battery, which is caused by the gas generated by the sealed battery during the charging and discharging process. It is mainly affected by factors such as battery materials, manufacturing processes, and battery structure. The main reason is that the gas generated by the decomposition of moisture and organic solutions inside the battery accumulates in the battery. Generally, the internal pressure of the battery is maintained at a normal level. In the case of overcharge or over-discharge, the internal pressure of the battery may increase:
For example, overcharge, positive electrode: 4OH- - 4e → 2H2O + O2↑;
①The generated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen precipitated on the negative electrode to form water 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
②If the speed of reaction ② is lower than the speed of reaction ①, the oxygen produced will not be consumed in time, which will cause the internal pressure of the battery to increase.
What is the standard charge retention test?
IEC stipulates that the standard charge retention test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is:
After the battery is discharged to 1.0V at 0.2C, it is charged at 0.1C for 16 hours, stored at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and a humidity of 65%±20% for 28 days, and then discharged to 1.0V at 0.2C. NiMH batteries should last longer than 3 hours.
The national standard stipulates that the standard charge retention test of lithium batteries is: (IEC has no relevant standards) The battery is discharged to 3.0/unit at 0.2C, and then charged to 4.2V at 1C constant current and constant voltage, with a cut-off current of 10mA, at a temperature of 20 ℃±5℃, after 28 days of storage, discharge at 0.2C to 2.75V, calculate the discharge capacity, and compare it with the battery's nominal capacity, it should not be less than 85% of the initial capacity.
What is a short circuit experiment?
Place a fully charged battery in an explosion-proof box and short-circuit the positive and negative terminals with a wire with an internal resistance of ≤100mΩ. The battery should not explode or catch fire.
What is high temperature and high humidity test?
The high temperature and humidity test of nickel metal hydride batteries is:
After the battery is fully charged, store it under certain temperature and humidity conditions for several days. During the storage process, observe whether there is any leakage.
The high temperature and humidity test for lithium batteries is: (national standard)
Charge the battery with 1C constant current and constant voltage to 4.2V, with a cut-off current of 10mA, and then put it in a constant temperature and humidity box at (40±2)℃ and a relative humidity of 90%-95%. After leaving it for 48h, take the battery out and put it in (20 Leave it aside for 2 hours at ±5)°C. Observe that there should be no abnormality in the appearance of the battery. Then discharge it to 2.75V at a constant current of 1C, and then perform a 1C charge and 1C discharge cycle at (20±5)°C until the discharge capacity Not less than 85% of the initial capacity, but the number of cycles should not be more than 3 times.
What is a temperature rise experiment?
After the battery is fully charged, put it into the oven and heat it from room temperature at a rate of 5°C/min. When the oven temperature reaches 130°C, keep it for 30 minutes. The battery should not explode or catch fire.
What is a temperature cycling experiment?
The temperature cycle experiment contains 27 cycles, each cycle consists of the following steps:
1) The battery is changed from normal temperature to 66±3℃ and 15±5% for 1 hour.
2) Place it for 1 hour at a temperature of 33±3℃ and a humidity of 90±5℃.
3) Change the condition to -40±3℃ and leave it for 1 hour
4) Leave the battery at 25℃ for 0.5 hours
These 4 steps complete a cycle. After these 27 cycle experiments, the battery should have no leakage, alkali creep, rust or other abnormal conditions.
What is a drop test?
After the battery or battery pack is fully charged, it is dropped from a height of 1m to the concrete (or cement) ground three times to obtain impacts in random directions.
What is an impact test?
After the battery is fully charged, place a hard rod horizontally on the battery and drop a 20-pound weight from a certain height onto the hard rod. The battery should not explode or catch fire.
What is a penetration test?
After the battery is fully charged, pass a nail of a certain diameter through the center of the battery and leave the nail inside the battery. The battery should not explode or catch fire.
What is a fire experiment?
The fully charged battery is placed on a heating device with a special protective cover and burned so that no fragments can penetrate the protective cover.
What is a vibration experiment?
The nickel-metal hydride battery vibration experiment method is:
After the battery is discharged to 1.0V at 0.2C, charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours. After leaving it aside for 24 hours, it vibrates according to the following conditions:
Amplitude: 0.8mm
Make the battery vibrate between 10HZ-55HZ, increasing or decreasing at a vibration rate of 1HZ every minute.
The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ. (Vibration time is 90min)
The lithium battery vibration experiment method is:
After the battery is discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, charge it to 4.2V with 1C constant current and constant voltage, with a cut-off current of 10mA. After leaving it aside for 24 hours, it vibrates according to the following conditions:
The vibration experiment was carried out with the vibration frequency from 10 Hz to 60 Hz and then to 10 Hz within 5 minutes as a cycle with an amplitude of 0.06 inches. The battery vibrates in three axes, each axis vibrating for half an hour.
The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ.
Batteries and the environment
What impact do batteries have on the environment?
Almost all batteries today do not contain mercury, but the heavy metal is still an essential component of mercury batteries, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, and lead-acid batteries. If disposed of improperly and in large quantities, these heavy metals will have a harmful impact on the environment. Currently, there are specialized agencies in the world to recycle manganese oxide, nickel cadmium and lead-acid batteries. For example: RBRC Corporation, a non-profit organization.
What effect does ambient temperature have on battery performance?
Among all environmental factors, temperature has the greatest impact on the charge and discharge performance of the battery. The electrochemical reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface is related to the ambient temperature. The electrode/electrolyte interface is regarded as the heart of the battery. If the temperature drops, the reaction rate of the electrode also drops. Assuming the battery voltage remains constant and the discharge current decreases, the battery's power output will also decrease. If the temperature rises the opposite is true, i.e. the battery output will rise. Temperature also affects the electrolyte transfer rate. As the temperature rises, the transmission speeds up, and as the temperature drops, the transmission slows down, and the battery's charge and discharge performance will also be affected. However, if the temperature is too high, exceeding 45°C, it will destroy the chemical balance in the battery and cause side reactions.
What is a green battery?
Green environmentally friendly batteries refer to a type of high-performance, pollution-free batteries that have been put into use or are being researched and developed in recent years. The metal hydride nickel batteries, lithium-ion batteries that have been widely used, the mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese primary batteries and rechargeable batteries that are being promoted, and the lithium or lithium-ion plastic batteries and fuel cells that are being researched and developed all belong to this category. A category. In addition, solar cells (also known as photovoltaic power generation), which are currently widely used and use solar energy for photoelectric conversion, can also be included in this category.
What are the “green batteries” currently being used and researched?
New green environmentally friendly batteries refer to a type of high-performance, pollution-free batteries that have been put into use or are being developed in recent years. At present, lithium-ion batteries, metal hydride nickel batteries, mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese batteries that are being promoted and used, and lithium or lithium-ion plastic batteries, combustion batteries, and electrochemical energy storage supercapacitors that are being developed are all new types. The category of green environmentally friendly batteries. In addition, solar cells that use solar energy for photoelectric conversion have been widely used.
What is the main manifestation of the hazards of used batteries?
Waste batteries that are more harmful to human health and the ecological environment and are included in the hazardous waste control list mainly include: mercury-containing batteries, mainly mercury oxide batteries; lead-acid batteries: cadmium-containing batteries, mainly nickel-cadmium batteries. Due to the littering of discarded batteries, these batteries will contaminate soil, water, and people through the consumption of vegetables, fish and other food, causing harm to human health.
How do used batteries pollute the environment?
The components of these batteries are sealed inside the battery case during use and will not affect the environment. However, after long-term mechanical wear and corrosion, the heavy metals and acids and alkalis inside will leak out and enter the soil or water sources, and then enter the human food chain through various ways. The whole process is briefly described as follows: soil or water source - microorganisms - animals - circulating dust - crops - food - human body - nerves - deposition and complications. Heavy metals absorbed from the environment by other water-source, plant-food digestion organisms can pass through the biomagnification of the food chain and accumulate in thousands of higher-level organisms step by step. Then they enter the human body through food and accumulate in certain organs. Cause chronic poisoning.
Battery and Analysis
What certifications have the company's products passed?
It has passed ISO9001:2000 quality system certification and ISO14001:2004 environmental protection system certification; its products have obtained EU CE certification and North American UL certification, passed SGS environmental testing, and have obtained Ovonic's patent license; at the same time, the company's products have been sold globally by PICC Coverage coverage.
What precautions should be taken when using batteries?
1) Please read the battery manual carefully before use;
2) Electrical appliances and battery contacts should be clean and installed according to polarity markings;
3) Do not mix old and new batteries, and do not mix batteries of the same model but different types to avoid reducing performance;
4) Disposable batteries cannot be regenerated by heating or charging;
5) The battery cannot be short-circuited;
6) Do not disassemble and heat the battery, or throw the battery into water;
7) When the electrical appliance is not used for a long time, the battery should be removed and the switch should be turned off after use;
8) Do not throw away used batteries at will, and put them separately from other garbage as much as possible to avoid polluting the environment;
9) Do not let children change batteries. Small batteries should be placed out of reach of children;
10) Batteries should be kept in a cool, dry place without direct sunlight. ​
What is the rate of battery discharge? What is the battery's hourly discharge rate?
Rate discharge refers to the rate relationship between the discharge current (A) and the rated capacity (A·h) during discharge. Hourly rate discharge refers to the number of hours required to discharge the rated capacity at a certain output current.
Why is it necessary to keep the battery warm when shooting in winter?
Because the active material activity of the battery in a digital camera is greatly reduced when the temperature is too low, it may not be able to provide the normal operating current of the camera. Therefore, when shooting outdoors in areas with low temperatures, special attention should be paid to keeping the camera or battery warm.
What is the operating temperature range of lithium-ion batteries?
Charging -10—45℃ Discharging -30—55℃
Can batteries of different capacities be combined?
If batteries of different capacities or new and old batteries are mixed together, leakage, zero voltage, etc. may occur. This is due to the difference in capacity during the charging process. Some batteries are overcharged during charging, some batteries are not fully charged, and there is no capacity during discharge. The high-capacity battery is not fully discharged, while the low-capacity battery is over-discharged. In this vicious cycle, the battery is damaged and leaks or has low (zero) voltage.
What is an external short circuit and what effect does it have on battery performance?
Connecting the two ends of the battery to any conductor will cause an external short circuit. Depending on the battery type, the short circuit may have consequences of different severity. For example: the electrolyte temperature rises, the internal air pressure rises, etc. If the air pressure value exceeds the battery cap's pressure resistance value, the battery will leak. This condition severely damages the battery. If the safety valve fails, it may even cause an explosion. Therefore never short-circuit the battery externally.
What conditions are best for batteries to be stored under?
According to IEC standards, batteries should be stored at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and a humidity of (65±20)%. Generally speaking, the higher the battery storage temperature, the lower the remaining capacity rate, and vice versa. The best place to store batteries, especially primary batteries, is when the refrigerator temperature is between 0°C and 10°C. Even if the secondary battery loses capacity after storage, it can be restored as long as it is recharged and discharged several times.
Theoretically, there is always energy loss when a battery is stored. The inherent electrochemical structure of the battery determines that battery capacity will inevitably be lost, mainly due to self-discharge. Usually the size of self-discharge is related to the solubility of the cathode material in the electrolyte and its instability after heating (easy to self-decompose). Rechargeable batteries have a much higher self-discharge than primary batteries.
Do batteries need to be fully charged for long-term storage?
If you want to store the battery for a long time, it is best to keep it in a dry and low-temperature environment and keep the remaining battery power at about 40%. Of course, it is best to take out the battery and use it once a month, so as to ensure that the battery is in good storage condition without completely losing power and damaging the battery.
What are the possible reasons for zero or low voltage in a single battery?
1) The battery is externally short-circuited or overcharged or reverse charged (forced over-discharge);
2) The battery is continuously overcharged by high-rate and large current, causing the battery core to expand and the positive and negative electrodes to directly contact and short-circuit, etc.;
3) There is an internal short circuit or micro-short circuit in the battery, such as improper placement of the positive and negative electrode plates, resulting in a short circuit between the electrode plates, or contact between the positive and negative electrode plates, etc.
What are the possible causes of zero or low voltage in a battery pack?
1) Whether a single battery has zero voltage;
2) The plug is short-circuited, broken, or poorly connected to the plug;
3) The leads are desoldered and soldered to the battery;
4) The internal connection of the battery is incorrect, and there is missing, weak, or desoldering between the connecting piece and the battery;
5) The internal electronic components of the battery are incorrectly connected and damaged.
What are the control methods to prevent battery overcharging?
In order to prevent the battery from being overcharged, the charging end point needs to be controlled. When the battery is full, there will be some special information that can be used to judge whether the charging has reached the end point. Generally, there are six methods to prevent the battery from being overcharged:
1) Peak voltage control: Determine the end of charging by detecting the peak voltage of the battery;
2) dT/dt control: determine the end point of charging by detecting the battery peak temperature change rate;
3) △T control: When the battery is fully charged, the difference between the temperature and the ambient temperature will reach the maximum;
4) -△V control: When the battery is fully charged and reaches a peak voltage, the voltage will drop by a certain value;
5) Timing control: Control the charging end point by setting a certain charging time. Generally, set the time required to charge 130% of the nominal capacity;
What are the possible reasons why the battery or battery pack cannot be charged?
1) The battery has zero voltage or there is a zero-voltage battery in the battery pack;
2) The battery pack is connected incorrectly, and the internal electronic components and protection circuits are abnormal;
3) The charging equipment is faulty and there is no output current;
4) External factors cause charging efficiency to be too low (such as extremely low or high temperature).
What are the possible reasons why batteries and battery packs cannot be discharged?
1) After storage and use, the battery life decreases;
2) Insufficient charging or no charging;
3) The ambient temperature is too low;
4) The discharge efficiency is low. For example, when a large current is discharged, an ordinary battery cannot discharge electricity because the internal material diffusion speed cannot keep up with the reaction speed, causing the voltage to drop sharply.
What are the possible reasons for the short discharge time of batteries and battery packs?
1) The battery is not fully charged, such as insufficient charging time and low charging efficiency;
2) The discharge current is too large, which reduces the discharge efficiency and shortens the discharge time;
3) When the battery is discharging, the ambient temperature is too low and the discharge efficiency decreases;
What is overcharging and what effect does it have on battery performance?
Overcharging refers to the behavior of continuing to charge the battery after it is fully charged through a certain charging process. For Ni-MH batteries, overcharging produces the following reaction:
Positive electrode: 4OH- - 4e → 2H2O + O2↑;①
Negative electrode: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O②
Since the negative electrode capacity is higher than the positive electrode capacity during design, the oxygen generated by the positive electrode passes through the separator paper and combines with the hydrogen generated by the negative electrode. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the internal pressure of the battery will not increase significantly. However, if the charging current is too large, Or if the charging time is too long, the generated oxygen will not be consumed in time, which may cause the internal pressure to rise, battery deformation, leakage and other adverse phenomena. At the same time, its electrical properties will also be significantly reduced.
What is over-discharge and what effect does it have on battery performance?
After the battery has discharged the internally stored power and the voltage reaches a certain value, continued discharge will cause over-discharge. The discharge cut-off voltage is usually determined based on the discharge current. The discharge cut-off voltage is generally set at 1.0V/unit for 0.2C-2C discharge. Above 3C, such as 5C or The 10C discharge setting is 0.8V/piece. Over-discharging the battery may bring catastrophic consequences to the battery, especially large-current over-discharging or repeated over-discharging, which will have a greater impact on the battery. Generally speaking, over-discharging will increase the internal pressure of the battery and damage the positive and negative active materials. The reversibility is damaged, and even if it is charged, it can only be partially restored, and the capacity will also be significantly attenuated.
What are the main causes of rechargeable battery swelling?
1) Bad battery protection circuit;
2) The battery has no protection function and the cell expands;
3) The charger has poor performance and excessive charging current causes the battery to swell;
4) The battery is continuously overcharged by high rate and large current;
5) The battery is forced to over-discharge;
6) Issues with the design of the battery itself.
What is a battery explosion? How to prevent battery explosion?
Any part of the solid matter in the battery is instantly discharged and pushed to a distance of more than 25cm from the battery, which is called an explosion. General means of prevention include:
1) No overcharging or short circuit;
2) Use better charging equipment for charging;
3) The battery vents must always be kept open;
4) Pay attention to heat dissipation when using the battery;
5) It is prohibited to mix different types, old and new batteries
What is a portable battery?
Portable means easy to carry and easy to use. Portable batteries mainly provide power for portable and cordless devices. Larger batteries (e.g. 4 kg or more) are not considered portable batteries. A typical portable battery today is about a few hundred grams.
The portable battery family includes primary batteries and rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries). Button batteries belong to a special group of them
What are the characteristics of rechargeable portable batteries?
Every battery is an energy converter. Can directly convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. For rechargeable batteries, this process can be described as follows: electrical energy is converted into chemical energy during the charging process → chemical energy is converted into electrical energy during the discharge process → electrical energy is converted into chemical energy during the charging process. The secondary battery can cycle like this for more than 1,000 times.
There are rechargeable portable batteries in different electrochemical types, such as lead-acid type (2V/unit), nickel-cadmium type (1.2V/unit), nickel-hydrogen type (1.2V/unit), lithium-ion battery (3.6V/unit) ), the typical characteristic of these types of batteries is that they have a relatively constant discharge voltage (there is a voltage platform during discharge), and the voltage decays quickly at the beginning and end of discharge.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of rechargeable batteries?
The advantage of rechargeable batteries is that they have a long service life, are more expensive than primary batteries, and have a higher load capacity than most primary batteries. However, the discharge voltage of ordinary secondary batteries is basically constant, and it is difficult to predict when the discharge will end, so it will cause certain inconvenience during use. However, lithium-ion batteries can provide camera equipment with a long use time, high load capacity, and high energy density, and the drop in discharge voltage weakens as the discharge progresses.
Ordinary secondary batteries have a high self-discharge rate, so they are suitable for high-current discharge applications such as digital cameras, toys, power tools, emergency lights, etc., but are not suitable for low-current long-term discharge applications such as remote controls, music doorbells, etc. Not suitable for long-term intermittent use such as flashlights.
What are the advantages of lithium-ion batteries?
1) High energy density;
2) High working voltage;
3) No memory effect;
4) Long cycle life;
5) No pollution;
6) Light weight;
7) Small self-discharge.
What are the advantages of lithium polymer batteries? What are the advantages?
1) There is no battery leakage problem. The battery does not contain liquid electrolyte and uses colloidal solids;
2) Can be made into a thin battery: with a capacity of 3.6V and 400mAh, its thickness can be as thin as 0.5mm;
3) Batteries can be designed in various shapes;
4) The battery can be bent and deformed: the polymer battery can be bent up to about 900 degrees;
5) Can be made into a single high-voltage battery: a battery with liquid electrolyte can only produce a high-voltage polymer battery by connecting several batteries in series;
6) Since it is liquid-free, it can be combined into multiple layers within a single chip to achieve high voltage;
7) The capacity will be twice that of a lithium-ion battery of the same size.
What is the principle of charger? What are the main categories?
The charger is a static converter device that uses power electronic semiconductor devices to convert alternating current with fixed voltage and frequency into direct current. There are many chargers, such as lead-acid battery chargers, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery testing and monitoring, nickel-cadmium battery chargers, nickel-metal hydride battery chargers, lithium-ion battery chargers, portable electronic equipment lithium-ion battery chargers, Lithium-ion battery protection circuit multi-function charger, electric vehicle battery charger, etc.
What are the main factors that affect battery life?
1. Charging:
When selecting a charger, it is best to use a charger with proper termination devices (e.g., anti-overcharge time device, negative voltage difference (-dV) cut-off charging, and anti-overheating sensing device) to avoid shortening the service life of the battery due to overcharging. Generally speaking, slow charging can prolong the service life of the battery more than fast charging.

2. Discharge:
a.The depth of discharge is the main factor affecting the life of the battery, the higher the depth of discharge, the shorter the life of the battery. In other words, by reducing the depth of discharge, the life of the battery can be greatly extended. Therefore, we should avoid over-discharging the battery to a very low voltage.
b. When batteries are discharged at high temperatures, the life of the battery will be shortened.
c. If an electronic device is designed in such a way that all current cannot be completely stopped, and if the device is left unused for a long period of time without the batteries being removed, the residual current may sometimes cause the batteries to be over-consumed, resulting in over-discharge of the batteries.
d. Mixing batteries of different capacities, chemical structures, or charge levels, as well as old and new batteries, can also cause excessive battery discharge, or even reverse charging.

3. Storage:
Prolonged storage of batteries at high temperatures will reduce their electrode activity and shorten their service life.
Can any charger be used for rechargeable portable batteries?
No, because any charger only corresponds to a specific charging process and a specific electrochemical process, such as lithium-ion, lead-acid or Ni-MH batteries. They not only have different voltage characteristics, but also different charging modes. Only specially developed fast chargers can achieve optimal charging results for Ni-MH batteries. Slow chargers can be used in an emergency, but they require more time. It should be noted that although some chargers have a certification label, special care should be taken when using them as chargers for batteries with different electrochemical systems. The qualified label only indicates that the device complies with European electrochemical standards or other national standards. This label does not give any information about what type of battery it is suitable for. It is not possible to charge Ni-MH batteries with a cheap charger. Satisfactory results will be obtained, but there is also danger. You should also pay attention to this for other types of battery chargers.
Can a rechargeable 1.2V portable battery be used instead of a 1.5V alkaline manganese battery?
The voltage range of alkaline manganese batteries when discharging is between 1.5V and 0.9V, while the constant voltage of rechargeable batteries when discharging is 1.2V/unit. This voltage is roughly equal to the average voltage of alkaline manganese voltage. Therefore, rechargeable batteries are used instead of alkaline manganese batteries. Batteries work, and vice versa.
Battery Types and Applications
How to classify batteries?
1.Chemical battery:
Primary batteries: carbon-zinc dry batteries, alkaline- manganese batteries,lithium batteries, activated batteries, zinc-mercury batteries, cadmium-mercury batteries, zinc-air batteries, zinc-silver batteries and solid electrolyte batteries (silver-iodine batteries) etc.
Secondary batteries: lead batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, Ni-MH batteries, Li-ion batteries and sodium-sulfur batteries, etc.
Other batteries: fuel cell batteries, air batteries, thin batteries, light batteries, nano batteries, etc.

Physical battery: Solar cell
What batteries will dominate the battery market?
As multimedia devices with images or sounds such as cameras, mobile phones, cordless phones, and notebook computers occupy an increasingly important position in household appliances, secondary batteries are increasingly used in these fields compared to primary batteries. Secondary rechargeable batteries will develop in the direction of small size, light weight, high capacity and intelligence.
What is a smart secondary battery?
A chip is installed in the smart battery, which not only provides power to the device, but also controls its main functions. This type of battery can also display the remaining capacity, number of cycles, temperature, etc. However, there are currently no smart batteries for sale on the market. , will occupy a major position in the market in the future - especially in camcorders, cordless phones, mobile phones and notebook computers.
What is a paper battery? What is a smart secondary battery?
Paper battery is a new type of battery, its components also include electrodes, electrolytes and separators. Specifically, this new type of paper battery is composed of cellulose paper implanted with electrodes and electrolytes, where the cellulose paper acts as a separator. The electrodes are carbon nanotubes added to cellulose and metallic lithium covered on a film made of cellulose; and the electrolyte is a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution. This battery is foldable and only as thick as paper. Researchers believe that because this paper battery has many properties, it will become a new type of energy storage device.
What is a photovoltaic cell?
A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor component that generates electromotive force when illuminated by light. There are many types of photovoltaics, such as selenium photovoltaics, silicon photovoltaics, thallium sulfide photovoltaics, and silver sulfide photovoltaics. Mainly used in instrumentation, automation telemetry and remote control. Some photovoltaic cells can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. This photovoltaic cell is also called a solar cell.
What is a solar cell? What are the advantages of solar cells?
A solar cell is a device that converts light energy (mainly sunlight) into electrical energy. The principle is the photovoltaic effect, that is, based on the built-in electric field of the PN junction, the photogenerated carriers are separated and reach both sides of the junction to generate a photovoltage, which is connected to an external circuit to obtain power output. The power of solar cells is related to the intensity of light. The stronger the light, the stronger the power output.

Solar energy systems are easy to install, easy to expand, and easy to disassemble. At the same time, using solar energy is also very economical and there is no energy consumption during the operation. In addition, the system is resistant to mechanical wear and tear; a solar system requires reliable solar cells to receive and store solar energy. Generally, solar cells have the following advantages:
1) High charge absorption capacity;
2) Long cycle life;
3) Good rechargeability;
4) No maintenance required.
What is a fuel cell? How to classify?
A fuel cell is an electrochemical system that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy.
The most common classification method is according to the type of electrolyte. Based on this, fuel cells can be divided into alkaline fuel cells, which generally use potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte; phosphoric acid fuel cells, which use concentrated phosphoric acid as the electrolyte; proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which use concentrated phosphoric acid as the electrolyte. A fully fluorinated or partially fluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membrane is used as the electrolyte; a molten carbonate fuel cell uses molten lithium-potassium carbonate or lithium-sodium carbonate as an electrolyte; a solid oxide fuel cell, Solid oxides are used as oxygen ion conductors, such as yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide films as electrolytes. Batteries are sometimes classified according to battery temperature and are divided into low-temperature fuel cells (operating temperature below 100°C), including alkaline fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells; medium-temperature fuel cells (operating temperature between 100-300°C), including Bacon-type alkaline fuel cells and phosphoric acid-type fuel cells; high-temperature fuel cells (operating temperature between 600-1000°C), including molten carbonate fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells.
Why do fuel cells have great development potential?
In the past one or two decades, the United States has paid special attention to the research and development of fuel cells, while Japan has vigorously carried out technological development based on the introduction of American technology. The reason why fuel cells have attracted the attention of some developed countries is mainly because it has the following advantages:
1) High efficiency. Because the chemical energy of the fuel is directly converted into electrical energy without thermal energy conversion in the middle, the conversion efficiency is not limited by the thermodynamic Carnot cycle; because there is no conversion of mechanical energy, mechanical transmission losses can be avoided, and the conversion efficiency does not depend on the size of the power generation. And change, so the fuel cell has higher conversion efficiency;
2) Low noise and low pollution. In the process of converting chemical energy into electrical energy, the fuel cell has no mechanical moving parts, but the control system has some small moving parts, so it is low-noise. In addition, fuel cells are low-pollution energy sources. Taking phosphoric acid fuel cells as an example, the sulfur oxides and nitrogen compounds they emit are two orders of magnitude lower than the U.S. regulations;
3) Strong adaptability. Fuel cells can use various hydrogen-containing fuels, such as methane, methanol, ethanol, biogas, petroleum gas, natural gas and synthetic gas, etc. The oxidant is inexhaustible air. Fuel cells can be made into standard components with a certain power (such as 40 kilowatts), assembled into different powers and types according to the user's needs, and installed in the most convenient place for the user. If necessary, it can also be installed into a large power station and used in connection with the conventional power supply system, which will help regulate the power load;
4) Short construction period and easy maintenance. After the industrial production of fuel cells is established, various standard components of power generation devices can be continuously produced in factories. It is easy to transport and can be assembled on-site at the power station. Some people estimate that the maintenance required for a 40-kilowatt phosphoric acid fuel cell is only 25% of that of a diesel generator of the same power.
Because fuel cells have so many advantages, both the United States and Japan attach great importance to its development.
What is a nanobattery?
Nano battery means a battery made of nano materials (such as nano MnO2, LiMn2O4, Ni(OH)2, etc.). Nanomaterials have special microstructure and physical and chemical properties (such as quantum size effect, surface effect, and tunnel quantum effect, etc.). At present, the most mature nano-battery in China is nano-active carbon fiber battery. Mainly used in electric vehicles, electric motorcycles and electric mopeds. This kind of battery can be recharged and cycled 1,000 times and can be used continuously for about 10 years. It only takes about 20 minutes to charge once, with a flat road range of 400km, and a weight of 128kg, which has surpassed the level of battery cars in the United States, Japan and other countries. The nickel-metal hydride batteries they produce take about 6-8 hours to charge and have a flat road range of 300km.
What is a plastic lithium-ion battery?
The current plastic lithium-ion battery refers to the use of ion-conducting polymers as electrolytes. This polymer can be dry or colloidal.
What devices are best used with rechargeable batteries?
Rechargeable batteries are particularly suitable for electrical equipment that requires relatively high energy supply or equipment that requires large current discharge, such as portable players, CD players, small radios, electronic game consoles, electric toys, household appliances, professional cameras, mobile phones, Cordless phones, notebook computers and other devices that require higher energy requirements. It is best not to use rechargeable batteries for infrequently used equipment, because rechargeable batteries have a large self-discharge. However, if the equipment requires large current discharge, rechargeable batteries must be used. Generally, users are best to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer to choose suitable equipment. of battery.
What are the voltages and usage areas of different types of batteries?
SLI (engine) 6V or higher cars, commercial vehicles, motorcycles
Lithium battery 6V camera, etc.
Lithium manganese button battery 3V pocket calculator, watch, remote control equipment, etc.
Silver oxygen button battery 1.5V watches, small clocks, etc.
Carbon manganese round battery 1.5V portable video equipment, cameras, game consoles, etc.
Carbon manganese button battery 1.5V pocket calculator, electric equipment, etc.
Zinc carbon round battery 1.5V alarm, flash light, toys, etc.
Zinc air button battery 1.4V hearing aids, etc.
MnO2 button battery 1.35V hearing aids, cameras, etc.
Nickel-cadmium battery 1.2V power tools, mobile phones, notebooks, emergency lamps, electric bicycles, etc.
Ni-MH battery 1.2V mobile phones, portable cameras, cordless phones, notebooks, household appliances, etc.
Lithium-ion battery 3.6V mobile phones, notebook computers, etc.
What types of rechargeable batteries are there? Which devices are they suitable for?
NiMH round battery
Features: High capacity, environmentally friendly (no mercury, lead, cadmium), overcharge protection
Application equipment: audio equipment, video recorders, mobile phones, cordless phones, emergency lights, notebook computers

Ni-MH prismatic battery
Features: High capacity, environmentally friendly, overcharge protection
Application equipment: audio equipment, video recorders, mobile phones, cordless phones, emergency lights, notebook computers

NiMH button battery
Features: High capacity, environmentally friendly, overcharge protection
Application equipment: mobile phones, cordless phones

Nickel cadmium round battery
Features: High load capacity
Application equipment: audio equipment, power tools

Nickel cadmium button battery
Features: High load capacity
Application equipment: Cordless phones, memory

Lithium Ion Battery
Features: High load capacity, high energy density
Application equipment: mobile phones, laptops, video recorders

Lead-acid batteries
Features: Cheap, easy to process, short life, heavy weight
Application equipment: ships, automobiles, miner's lamps, etc.
What types of batteries are used in emergency lights?
1. Sealed nickel-metal hydride battery;
2. Adjustable valve lead-acid battery;
3. Other types of batteries can also be used if they meet the corresponding safety and performance standards of the IEC 60598 (2000) (emergency lighting part) standard (emergency lighting part).
What is the lifespan of rechargeable batteries used in cordless phones?
Under normal use, the service life is 2-3 years or more. The battery needs to be replaced when the following conditions occur:
1. After charging, the call time becomes shorter every time;
2. The call signal is not clear enough, the reception effect is blurry, and the noise is loud;
3. The distance between the cordless phone and the base needs to be closer and closer, that is, the range of use of the cordless phone is getting narrower and narrower.
What type of batteries can be used in remote controls?
The remote control unit can only be used by ensuring that the batteries are in their secure position. Different types of zinc carbon batteries are used in different remote control devices. They can be identified by the IEC standard indication. The commonly used batteries are AAA, AA and 9V large batteries. Alkaline batteries are also a better choice. This type of battery can provide twice the operating time of zinc-carbon batteries. They are also recognized by IEC standards (LR03, LR6, 6LR61). However, because the remote control requires less current, zinc-carbon batteries are more economical to use.

In principle, recharged secondary batteries can also be used, but when actually used in remote control devices, secondary batteries have a high self-discharge rate and need to be charged repeatedly, so this type of battery is not practical.
What types of battery products are there? Which application fields are they suitable for?
The application fields of nickel-metal hydride batteries include but are not limited to:
Electric bicycles, cordless phones, electric toys, power tools, emergency lights, household appliances, instruments and equipment, mining lamps, walkie-talkies

The application fields of lithium-ion batteries include but are not limited to:
Electric bicycles, remote-controlled toy cars, mobile phones, laptops, various mobile devices, compact disc players, small video cameras, digital cameras, walkie-talkies
Commercial and Industrial Parks
How does solar lighting work in industrial parks?

Solar lights use photovoltaic panels to convert sunlight into electricity, stored in batteries, to power LED lamps at night.

Can the solar lights operate during cloudy or rainy days?

Yes, our lights have battery backup systems that ensure functionality for up to 3 days without sunlight.

What is the lifespan of your solar streetlights?

The average lifespan of our solar streetlights is 25 years for the panel and 5–8 years for the battery.

How are the lights installed in industrial parks?

Our solar lights are designed for easy installation without complex wiring, making deployment quick and cost-effective.

Are the lights customizable for different industrial park layouts?

Yes, we provide customized solutions tailored to the specific lighting requirements and layouts of your park.

What certifications do your solar lights have?

Our solar lights are certified with ISO, CE, and RoHS to ensure compliance with international safety and environmental standards.

Can the lighting systems be upgraded in the future?

Yes, our modular designs allow for easy upgrades, such as adding smart features or higher capacity batteries.

What maintenance is required for solar lights?

Minimal maintenance is required, typically involving periodic cleaning of panels and checking the battery and light fixtures.

Do solar lights work well in large parking areas?

Yes, our solar lights provide uniform illumination ideal for expansive parking areas, ensuring safety and visibility.

How do solar lights improve security in industrial parks?

Solar lights provide consistent and bright lighting, deterring unauthorized access and improving surveillance.

Can your solar lights operate in extreme weather conditions?

Yes, our lights are designed to withstand harsh environments, including heavy rain, high winds, and extreme temperatures.

What is the warranty for your solar lighting products?

We offer a 5-year warranty for the entire system and provide ongoing technical support.

Schools and Educational Institutions
How long does the battery of solar lights last?

The battery typically lasts for 5-8 years depending on usage and environmental conditions.

Can solar lights be used in cold climates?

Yes, our solar lights are designed to work in various weather conditions, including cold climates, with some models performing well at temperatures as low as -20°C.

How are the solar lights maintained?

Solar lights require minimal maintenance, typically only occasional cleaning of the solar panels and checking the battery and light functions.

Can solar lights be controlled remotely?

Yes, we offer smart solar lighting systems with remote control capabilities, allowing you to manage and monitor the lights from anywhere.

How long will it take to install solar lights on my campus?

Installation can typically be completed in a few days, depending on the size of the campus and the number of lights.

What is the warranty for the solar lights?

We offer a 5-year warranty on our solar lighting systems, covering parts and defects.

Can solar lights be used in areas with frequent rain or cloudy weather?

Yes, our solar lights are equipped with high-efficiency solar panels that can still charge even under cloudy or rainy conditions, although performance may be slightly reduced compared to sunny days.

What kind of maintenance is needed for solar lights?

The main maintenance required is cleaning the solar panels periodically to ensure they remain free of dust or debris, and occasionally checking the functionality of the battery and light.

Do solar lights work year-round, even during winter?

Yes, solar lights can work year-round, even in winter. However, in areas with heavy snow, it’s important to ensure the solar panels are clear of snow for optimal performance.

Can solar lights be installed in remote locations without easy access to power sources?

Yes, solar lights are perfect for remote locations where it is difficult to lay electrical wiring. They provide autonomous lighting without the need for external power sources.

Are solar lights adjustable for lighting angles or brightness?

Many of our solar lights feature adjustable heads, allowing you to change the lighting direction or angle. Some models also have brightness control, allowing you to adjust the light intensity.

Do the solar lights come with a timer or automatic on/off function?

Yes, many of our solar lighting systems come with built-in timers or automatic sensors, allowing them to turn on at dusk and off at dawn, or based on a set schedule.

Tourist Attractions and Resorts
What is the lifespan of solar lighting systems for tourist attractions and resorts?

The lifespan of solar lighting systems typically ranges from 5 to 10 years, depending on the quality of the materials and the environment in which they are used. Proper maintenance can extend the lifespan significantly.

Are solar lights bright enough for outdoor areas at night?

Yes, solar lights are designed to provide adequate brightness for outdoor areas such as pathways, gardens, and parking lots. Advanced solar technology ensures they provide sufficient lighting for safety and ambiance. 

Can solar lighting systems withstand harsh weather conditions?

Yes, solar lighting systems are built to be durable and weather-resistant. They can withstand rain, snow, and extreme temperatures, making them ideal for year-round use in outdoor settings.

How long does it take to install solar lighting at a resort or tourist attraction?

The installation time for solar lighting systems is typically shorter than conventional electrical lighting. Depending on the size and complexity of the site, installation can usually be completed within a few days to a week. 

Do solar lights require much maintenance?

Solar lights require minimal maintenance. Routine checks and occasional cleaning of the solar panels are enough to keep the system functioning efficiently. There are no wires or bulbs that need to be replaced frequently. 

Can solar lighting help reduce energy costs for resorts?

Yes, solar lighting can significantly reduce energy costs by eliminating the need for grid electricity. The investment in solar lighting pays off in the long term through savings on electricity bills. 

Are solar lights customizable to match the design of the resort or attraction?

Yes, solar lights come in various designs, colors, and sizes, and can be customized to match the theme or aesthetic of the resort or attraction. This makes them a versatile solution for any outdoor space. 

How do solar lights perform in areas with limited sunlight?

Solar lights are designed to work efficiently even in areas with limited sunlight. Modern solar technology uses high-quality solar panels that can store energy even in cloudy or overcast conditions. 

Can solar lights be used for both functional and decorative purposes?

Yes, solar lighting is versatile and can be used for both functional purposes, such as illuminating pathways and parking lots, and decorative purposes, such as enhancing garden features or architectural details.

Will solar lights stay on throughout the night?

Yes, solar lights are designed to stay on all night long, provided they are installed in areas that receive adequate sunlight during the day. The solar panels charge during daylight hours and power the lights after dark. 

Are solar lighting systems easy to install in remote areas without grid access?

Yes, solar lighting systems are ideal for remote locations where grid access is unavailable or difficult. They are self-sustaining and do not require external power sources, making them a perfect solution for isolated resorts or tourist attractions. 

How do I choose the right solar lighting solution for my resort or tourist attraction?

When choosing solar lighting, consider factors such as the size of the area to be illuminated, the level of brightness required, the design and aesthetic preferences, and the local climate. Our experts can help you select the best solar lighting solution for your needs. 

Public Gardens and Landscape Lighting
What are the benefits of using solar lighting in public gardens and landscapes?

Solar lighting is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and energy-efficient. It helps reduce energy consumption, minimizes carbon footprints, and provides long-lasting illumination without the need for electricity from the grid. Additionally, it requires minimal maintenance and offers flexibility in installation.

How long do solar-powered lights last in public spaces?

Our solar-powered lights are designed for durability and long-term use. The lights typically last for 5-10 years, depending on the quality of the solar panels and the local climate conditions. The batteries last around 2-3 years and can be replaced easily.

Do solar lights work in cloudy or rainy weather?

Yes, our solar lights are equipped with high-efficiency solar panels that can capture sunlight even in cloudy or low-light conditions. While performance may slightly decrease during long periods of rain, the lights are still functional and will recharge as soon as the weather improves.

Can solar lights be installed in any outdoor space?

Our solar lighting solutions are versatile and can be installed in most outdoor areas, including public gardens, parks, pathways, streets, and recreational areas. As long as there is enough sunlight exposure during the day, solar lights can be installed almost anywhere.

Do solar lights need wiring?

No, one of the main advantages of solar lights is that they do not require any wiring or electrical connections. They operate independently using solar energy, making installation quick, easy, and cost-effective.

How much sunlight do solar lights need to function properly?

Solar lights typically require 6-8 hours of direct sunlight during the day to charge fully and provide 8-12 hours of lighting during the night. However, our high-efficiency solar panels are designed to maximize energy capture even in less-than-ideal sunlight conditions.

Are solar lights safe for use in public spaces?

Yes, solar lights are safe for public spaces. They use low-voltage LED lights that do not pose any electrical hazards. Additionally, our lights are designed with weather-resistant and durable materials to withstand outdoor conditions, making them reliable and safe for public use.

Can solar lights be customized for specific landscaping needs?

Yes, we offer customizable solar lighting solutions to meet the unique needs of different landscaping projects. From adjusting the brightness to selecting the appropriate lighting style and design, we can tailor our products to fit your vision.

What happens if the solar light is not working properly?

If your solar light is not working properly, it could be due to a variety of reasons, such as dirt on the solar panel, insufficient sunlight, or battery issues. We recommend cleaning the panel and ensuring it receives enough sunlight. If the problem persists, please contact our customer service team for troubleshooting assistance.

How do I maintain solar lights in public spaces?

Solar lights require minimal maintenance. To ensure optimal performance, clean the solar panels periodically to remove dust, dirt, and debris. Also, check the light fixtures and batteries every year to ensure they are functioning properly. If needed, replace the batteries after 2-3 years.

Are there any warranty options for solar lights?

Yes, we offer a standard 2-year warranty for all our solar lighting products. The warranty covers manufacturing defects and performance issues under normal usage. For any issues outside the warranty period, we provide repair and replacement services.

How can I order solar lighting products for my public garden or landscape project?

To order solar lighting solutions for your project, simply contact our sales team via phone, email, or our website. We will work with you to understand your specific requirements and provide customized solutions that fit your needs. We also offer installation support and after-sales services to ensure your project is a success.

Distributors
What are the benefits of becoming a Queneng distributor?

As a Queneng distributor, you will gain access to high-quality, customizable solar lighting products, competitive pricing, marketing support, and exclusive distribution rights in some regions. We provide comprehensive training, technical support, and reliable logistics to help grow your business.

Do I need previous experience in the solar industry to become a distributor?

While previous experience in renewable energy or lighting sectors is beneficial, it is not required. What matters most is your dedication to sustainability, willingness to learn, and ability to effectively serve your local market.

What types of products do Queneng distributors offer?

Queneng offers a range of solar lighting solutions, including street lights, garden lights, floodlights, and customized lighting systems for residential, commercial, and infrastructure applications.

Are there any minimum order requirements?

Yes, there are minimum order quantities depending on the product and region. However, we offer flexible solutions to help you meet the needs of your market. Contact us directly to discuss specific requirements for your region.

Can I get exclusive distribution rights in my region?
  • Exclusive distribution rights are available in select regions based on market conditions and your business capabilities. Please contact us to discuss opportunities for exclusive distribution in your area.

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What kind of marketing and sales support does Queneng provide?

We provide our distributors with a wide range of marketing materials, including brochures, product specs, digital content, and sales guides. Our team also offers training to help you effectively communicate the benefits of our solar lighting solutions.

Do you offer product training for distributors?

Yes, we provide in-depth product training, both online and in-person (when applicable), to ensure that you and your team are fully equipped with the knowledge needed to sell and support Queneng’s solar products.

What is the process for placing an order as a distributor?

Once you become an approved distributor, you can place orders directly with our sales team through our online portal or by contacting us via email. Our team will work with you to ensure a smooth ordering process and timely delivery.

who we are
What is Queneng?

Queneng is a high-tech enterprise founded in 2011, specializing in solar lighting solutions, batteries, solar photovoltaic panels, and complete solar energy systems. We provide a full range of services from R&D to production, sales, and after-sales support.

What products does Queneng offer?

We offer a wide range of solar energy products, including solar lighting fixtures (street lights, garden lights, etc.), high-performance solar photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries, and custom solar systems for various applications. We also provide installation and after-sales support.

What sets Queneng apart from other solar lighting companies?

Our strong focus on innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction sets us apart. We have over a decade of experience in the solar industry and are committed to delivering high-quality, energy-efficient solutions that meet international standards. Our products are designed for durability, and our customer service ensures reliable support at every stage.

Is Queneng committed to sustainability?

Yes, sustainability is at the heart of our business. We are dedicated to providing renewable energy solutions that reduce carbon footprints. Our products are designed to be energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, and we continuously work to improve our manufacturing processes to minimize environmental impact.

Can Queneng provide custom solar lighting solutions?

Yes, we specialize in providing customized solar lighting systems based on your specific needs. Whether it’s for residential, commercial, or industrial applications, our team works with you to design and deliver tailored solutions that meet your requirements.

What after-sales services does Queneng offer?

We offer comprehensive after-sales services, including product installation support, maintenance, and technical assistance. Our dedicated customer service team is always available to ensure that your solar systems operate at optimal performance and meet your expectations.

How can I contact Queneng for inquiries or product support?

You can contact us through our website, where you can find contact forms, customer service phone numbers, and email addresses. Our support team is available to assist with any inquiries, product information, or technical support you may need.

OEM&ODM
What is your minimum order quantity (MOQ) for OEM services?

Our standard MOQ for OEM solar lights is 100 units. For ODM or special mold development, please contact our team.

Can I customize the product appearance and packaging?

Yes! We offer full customization on housing color, logo printing, battery configuration, controller type, and box design.

What is the lead time for OEM production?

15–25 working days depending on order volume and customization level.

Do you offer warranty and technical support?

Yes. All our products come with a 3–5 year warranty. We provide full after-sales guidance, documentation, and video support.

Can I get free samples before placing an order?

Free samples are available for serious OEM/ODM inquiries. Shipping charges may apply.

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Queneng specializes in manufacturing durable, energy-efficient solar streetlights for a wide range of applications—from highways and parking lots to industrial parks and residential areas.

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Looking for a cost-effective and reliable solar lighting solution?
At Queneng, we manufacture high-quality solar streetlights tailored to your project needs—whether it's for urban roads, parking lots, industrial zones, or rural areas.

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Looking for a cost-effective and reliable solar lighting solution?
At Queneng, we manufacture high-quality solar streetlights tailored to your project needs—whether it's for urban roads, parking lots, industrial zones, or rural areas.

🔧 Tailored lighting systems for every environment.
🏭 Direct-from-factory pricing—no middlemen.
🌐 Proven success in government & private projects worldwide.
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💬 Tell us your project requirements—and we’ll take care of the rest. Your sustainable lighting journey starts here.

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