Solar Street Light Controller Guide: PWM & MPPT Technology, Features, Installation & Troubleshooting | Queneng
With the advancement of clean energy technologies, solar street lights are widely used in roadways, public areas, and campuses. This guide explores the development of solar street light controllers—from basic to PWM and MPPT technologies—covering working principles, main features, installation steps, and common troubleshooting methods.
1. Evolution of Solar Controller Technologies (Focus on Street Lighting)
| Controller Type | Generation | Control Method | Efficiency | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Controller | 1st Gen | Direct Battery Connection | 70–76% | Obsolete, low energy utilization |
| PWM Controller | 2nd Gen | Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) | 75–80% | Widely used, improves charging performance |
| MPPT Controller | 3rd Gen | Maximum Power Point Tracking | 99% tracking, 97% system | High-end, real-time optimization |
2. Key Features of Modern Solar Street Light Controllers
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Overcharge protection
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Over-discharge protection
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Overcurrent and short-circuit protection
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Overvoltage protection
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Anti-backflow protection (Schottky diode)
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Lightning surge protection (MOV)
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Solar panel reverse polarity protection
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Battery reverse polarity and open-circuit protection
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Temperature compensation
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Self-check functionality
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Recovery interval mechanism
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Light-sensing auto control (light on at night, off during the day)
3. Installation and Configuration Guide
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Install in a well-ventilated area, avoid moisture and direct sunlight.
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Connection order: Battery → Solar Panel → Load.
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Avoid oversizing solar panels or load devices.
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Always check polarity before connection.
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Do not use non-solar sources to simulate charging.
4. Common Faults & Troubleshooting
| Problem | Cause & Solution |
|---|---|
| Light not working | May be daytime (light control active), low battery, or incorrect wiring. Try reinstallation. |
| Works at first, fails after days | Loose or incorrect solar panel connection. |
| Light control doesn’t respond | Light control feature not enabled or wired wrong. |
| Controller LED blinks rapidly | Load short circuit or overload. |
5. Charging Protection Modes (12V System Reference)
| Mode | Voltage Range | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bulk Charge | 14.6–14.8V | High current, fast charging |
| Equalization | 14.4V | Rebalances cell voltages, improves battery health |
| Float Charge | 13.5–13.7V | Trickle charging to maintain charge |
| Low Voltage Cutoff | 11.1V | Prevents deep discharge, extends battery life |
✅ Conclusion
Modern solar controllers with MPPT tracking, intelligent charging, environmental compensation, and robust protections significantly boost system performance and durability. They are becoming essential for advanced solar street lighting systems.
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FAQ
Commercial and Industrial Parks
What certifications do your solar lights have?
Our solar lights are certified with ISO, CE, and RoHS to ensure compliance with international safety and environmental standards.
Transportation and Highways
Can the brightness be adjusted for different traffic conditions?
Yes, smart controls enable brightness adjustment based on traffic density.
How does the system handle extreme weather conditions, such as snow or hurricanes?
Our systems are designed to withstand harsh weather, with components that are waterproof, wind-resistant, and capable of operating in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 60°C.
Battery Performance and Testing
What is a temperature cycling experiment?
1) The battery is changed from normal temperature to 66±3℃ and 15±5% for 1 hour.
2) Place it for 1 hour at a temperature of 33±3℃ and a humidity of 90±5℃.
3) Change the condition to -40±3℃ and leave it for 1 hour
4) Leave the battery at 25℃ for 0.5 hours
These 4 steps complete a cycle. After these 27 cycle experiments, the battery should have no leakage, alkali creep, rust or other abnormal conditions.
What is pulse charging? What impact does it have on battery performance?
Remote Areas Rural Development
What kind of after-sales support do you provide for rural projects?
We offer remote monitoring, regular maintenance schedules, and technical support for all installed systems.
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