how to calculate solar street light system | Queneng Guide
How to Calculate Solar Street Light System Requirements - Queneng
1. Determining the Load
This is the first and most crucial step. You need to determine the total wattage required by your street lights. This involves:
* Number of lights: Count the number of streetlights needed for the area.
* Wattage per light: Check the specification plate of your chosen LED street light to determine its wattage consumption.
* Total wattage: Multiply the number of lights by the wattage per light. Example: 10 lights x 50W/light = 500W.
2. Calculating Energy Consumption
Next, determine the daily energy consumption:
* Operating hours: Determine the number of hours the lights will operate daily. This often depends on the location and local regulations (e.g., sunset to sunrise).
* Daily energy consumption (Wh): Multiply the total wattage by the operating hours. Example: 500W x 8 hours = 4000 Wh (4 kWh).
3. Sizing the Battery Bank
The battery bank must store enough energy to power the lights during periods of low or no sunlight. Consider:
* Battery capacity (Ah): This is crucial and depends on several factors including the daily energy consumption and the desired autonomy (number of days the system can operate without sunlight). Choose a battery system with sufficient capacity. Remember to account for battery efficiency (typically 80-90%).
* Battery voltage: Select the appropriate voltage (e.g., 12V, 24V, 48V) based on your chosen lights and charge controller.
4. Selecting Solar Panels
The solar panel array needs to generate enough energy to meet daily consumption and recharge the batteries.
* Panel wattage: Consider panel size, efficiency, and available sunlight. Consult solar panel datasheets for power output under specific conditions (STC).
* Number of panels: Divide the daily energy consumption by the individual panel wattage (considering sunlight hours and system losses) to determine the required number of panels.
5. Choosing a Charge Controller
The charge controller regulates the flow of electricity from the solar panels to the battery bank, preventing overcharging and damage.
* Controller amperage: Select a controller with an amperage rating that exceeds the maximum current output of the solar panels.
* Controller voltage: This should match the battery bank voltage.
6. Considering System Losses
Always factor in system losses (wiring, battery efficiency, temperature effects). A 10-20% loss is a reasonable estimate.
7. Professional Assistance
While this guide provides a basic understanding, consulting with a qualified solar lighting professional is always recommended for complex projects or to ensure optimal system design and compliance with local regulations. Queneng offers comprehensive solar street lighting solutions and expert guidance. Contact us today for your project.
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FAQ
Battery and Analysis
What are the characteristics of rechargeable portable batteries?
There are rechargeable portable batteries in different electrochemical types, such as lead-acid type (2V/unit), nickel-cadmium type (1.2V/unit), nickel-hydrogen type (1.2V/unit), lithium-ion battery (3.6V/unit) ), the typical characteristic of these types of batteries is that they have a relatively constant discharge voltage (there is a voltage platform during discharge), and the voltage decays quickly at the beginning and end of discharge.
What is over-discharge and what effect does it have on battery performance?
What are the main causes of rechargeable battery swelling?
2) The battery has no protection function and the cell expands;
3) The charger has poor performance and excessive charging current causes the battery to swell;
4) The battery is continuously overcharged by high rate and large current;
5) The battery is forced to over-discharge;
6) Issues with the design of the battery itself.
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How are the solar lights maintained?
Solar lights require minimal maintenance, typically only occasional cleaning of the solar panels and checking the battery and light functions.
Battery Performance and Testing
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Can solar street lights be used in cloudy or rainy weather?
Yes, solar street lights can still function in cloudy or rainy conditions, though their performance may be reduced due to lower sunlight. The battery is designed to store enough energy to power the light for several days of overcast weather.
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